Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by Smoking Status Group.
| Overall (N = 1370) | Nonsmokers (n = 816) | E-cig users (n = 319) | Cigarette smokers (n = 48) | Dual users (n = 187) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Race, N (%) | ||||||
| Caucasian | 1079 (78.8%) | 608 (74.5%) | 265 (83.0%) | 41 (85.4%) | 165 (88.2%) | <0.001 |
| African American | 182 (13.3%) | 138 (16.9%)ab | 31 (9.7%)ac | 4 (8.3%) | 9 (4.8%)bc | |
| Gender, N (% female) | 1066 (78%) | 684 (83.8%)ab | 226 (70.8%)ac | 39 (81.3%)d | 117 (62.6%)bcd | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 20.11 (2.21) | 20.14 (2.31) | 19.87 (2.03) a | 20.23 (1.84) | 20.38 (2.13)a | 0.078 |
| Cigarettes per week | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.74 (23.35) | -- | -- | 4.42 (7.91)a | 13.70 (25.64)a | 0.029 |
| Years smoked | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.97 (1.99) | -- | -- | 0.37 (1.04)a | 1.13 (2.15)a | 0.02 |
| FTND | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.98 (2.19) | -- | -- | 1.83 (1.72) | 2.0 (2.27) | .864 |
| Past Quit Attempt, N (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 628 (45.8%) | -- | -- | 13 (27.7%)a | 95 (50.6%)a | 0.005 |
| No | ||||||
| Number of Quit Attempts | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.65 (5.90) | -- | 0.89 (2.52) | 0.51 (1.10)b | 2.64 (8.25)ab | 0.011 |
| Desire to Quit | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.79 (3.35) | -- | 6.10 (3.90) | 4.91 (2.96) | 5.77 (2.92) | .117 |
| Current Quit Attempt, N (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 326 (23.8%) | -- | -- | 7 (14.9%)a | 49 (26.1%)a | .075 |
| No | ||||||
| SCQ, Mean (SD) | ||||||
| Negative consequences | 5.65 (2.78) | 5.50 (3.08)a | 5.83 (2.67) | 5.13 (1.71) | 6.05 (1.69)a | 0.082 |
| Positive reinforcement | 2.06 (2.29) | 1.37 (1.98)abc | 2.0 (2.18)ade | 3.69 (1.50)bdf | 4.42 (1.95)cef | <.001 |
| Negative reinforcement | 2.46 (2.73) | 1.80 (2.46)abc | 2.32 (2.57)ade | 4.10 (2.39)bdf | 4.74 (2.64)cef | <.001 |
| Weight control | 2.19 (2.45) | 1.80 (2.42)abc | 2.23 (2.32)ade | 3.14 (2.01)bd | 3.29 (2.49)ce | <.001 |
Note. SD= standard deviation; FTND= Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; SCQ= Smoking Consequences Questionnaire