Table 1.

Summary of the cases undergoing ureteric reimplantation using robot-assisted Foley tie ureteric tapering

Case number	Age/sex	Diagnosis	Investigations	Surgical procedure	Operating time	Estimated blood loss	Hospital stay	Outcome at 1 year
Case 1	3 years, male	Bilateral primary VUR, left PFK	USG: Right kidney - 5.4 cm with raised echoes. Left kidney - 9.3 cm, gross hydroureteronephrosis with marked cortical thinning VCUG: Bilateral VUR (left - grade 5, right - grade 2), bladder capacity 210 mL DMSA: Left kidney 23%, scars +	Robotic bilateral intravesical ureteric reimplantation with excisional tapering of the left ureter	180 min	50 mL	5 days	Resolution of VUR; no UTI
Case 2	12 years, male	Left PFK with grade V VUR	Contrast-enhanced CT: Gross left hydroureteronephrosis up to the lower end of the ureter DMSA: Left PFK (30%), scars + VCUG: Left grade 5 VUR; bladder capacity 450 mL	Robotic intravesical left ureteric reimplantation with excisional tapering	200 min	35 mL	5 days	Resolution of VUR; no UTI
Case 3	12 years, male	Bilateral grade 5 VUR	USG: Bilateral gross hydroureteronephrosis; left distal ureter - 2 cm, right distal ureter - 1.8 cm VCUG: Bilateral grade 5 VUR; bladder capacity 550 mL DMSA: Left kidney 60%, right kidney 40%	Robotic bilateral intravesical ureteric reimplantation with Cohen’s technique and tapering of the left ureter	210 min	50 mL	6 days	Resolution of VUR; no UTI
Case 4	6 years, female	Right PFK with ectopic ureter and grade 5 VUR	USG: Small right kidney (5.5 cm × 2.3 cm) with moderate hydroureteronephrosis) VCUG: Right grade 5 VUR; bladder capacity 250 mL DMSA: Right kidney 17%, scars +	Robot right intravesical ureteric reimplantation with tapering of the right ureter	200 min	40 mL	5 days	Resolution of VUR; no UTI

DMSA: Dimercaptosuccinic acid, PFK: Poorly functioning kidney, USG: Ultrasonography, UTI: Urinary tract infection, VCUG: Voiding cystourethrogram, VUR: Vesicoureteral reflux, CT: Computed tomography