Table 1.
Studies using electrooculography, search coils, or videooculography to measure VORS
| Study | Cohorts investigated | Device used to assess VORS | Parameters analysed | Main results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baloh et al. [10] (1993) | Healthy young and old adults | Electrooculography | Velocity gain | VORS is less effective in the old compared to the young cohort |
| Paige [11] (1994) | Healthy young and old adults | Search coil | Velocity gain | VORS is reduced at higher frequencies and less effective in the old compared to the young cohort |
| Demer [12] (1994) | Healthy young and old adults | Search coil | Velocity gain | VORS is less effective in the old compared to the young cohort |
| Belton et al. [9] (2000) | Rhesus monkeys | Search coil | Velocity gain | Cerebellar flocculus is involved in generation of VORS |
| Di Fabio et al. [13] (2001) | Healthy old adults | Electrooculography | Eye-trunk velocity slope | VORS is associated with an increased risk of falling |
| Di Fabio et al. [15] (2002) | Healthy old adults | Electrooculography | Velocity gain | VORS is associated with an increased risk of falling |
| Cullen et al. [22] (2004) | Macaque monkeys | Search coil | Velocity gain | VORS is reduced during gaze shifts, which is important for eye-head coordination |
| Barnes et al. [23] (2004) | Healthy adults | Videooculography | Velocity gain | VORS also occurs with imagined head-fixed targets |
| Kerber et al. [14] (2006) | Older adults with and without dizziness | Electrooculography | Velocity gain | VORS is associated with reduced balance and gait |
| Jacobson et al. [24] (2012) | Healthy adults | Infrared videooculography | Velocity gain | VORS also occurs with nonvisual stimuli |
| Daye et al. [3] (2015) | Healthy adults | Search coil | Position difference | VORS occurs during saccades |
| Johnston et al. [21] (2017) | Healthy adults, patients with neck pain | Search coil | Velocity gain | VORS is increased in patients with neck pain |
| Meyer [17] (2020) | Healthy adults, patients with PD, patients with PSP | Videooculography | Position gain, lag-corrected VORS score | VORS correlates positively with future falls in PD patients |
| Gandor et al. [25] (2020) | Healthy adults, patients with cerebellar disorders, patients with MSA | Videooculography, smartphone | Maximum slow phase peak velocity | VORS assessments with smartphones and videooculography show comparable similar results |
MSA, multiple system atrophy; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; VORS, vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression.