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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 25.
Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. 2024 Feb 25;59(7):1059–1066. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320374

Table 2.

Results from multilevel multinomial regression predicting substance use type.

95% CI for OR
Outcome variablea Predictors B SE p OR Lower Upper

Alcohol and cigarette co-use Weekend 0.15 0.13 .25 1.17 0.90 1.52
Coping motives 0.32 0.10 <.01 1.38 1.12 1.69
Enhancement motives 0.23 0.09 .01 1.26 1.05 1.50
Sex −0.39 0.16 .01 0.67 0.49 0.92
Mean interpersonal stress 0.00 0.06 .94 1.00 0.88 1.12
Mean academic stress −0.02 0.03 .55 0.98 0.94 1.04
Daily interpersonal stress 0.08 0.03 .03 1.08 1.01 1.16
Daily academic stress −0.01 0.01 .54 0.99 0.97 1.02

Alcohol and marijuana co-use Weekend 0.31 0.15 .03 1.37 1.03 1.82
Coping motives −0.11 0.10 .27 0.89 0.73 1.09
Enhancement motives 0.52 0.08 <.01 1.67 1.43 1.97
Sex −0.68 0.14 <.01 0.50 0.38 0.67
Mean interpersonal stress 0.08 0.06 .15 1.09 0.97 1.22
Mean academic stress 0.00 0.03 .99 1.00 0.95 1.05
Daily interpersonal stress −0.01 0.04 .68 0.99 0.92 1.06
Daily academic stress −0.03 0.01 .04 0.97 0.94 1.00

Non-alcohol substance use Weekend −2.01 0.08 <.01 0.13 0.12 0.15
Coping motives 0.23 0.10 .02 1.25 1.03 1.52
Enhancement motives 0.22 0.08 .01 1.24 1.06 1.46
Sex −0.70 0.14 <.01 0.50 0.37 0.66
Mean interpersonal stress −0.02 0.05 .73 0.98 0.88 1.09
Mean academic stress 0.04 0.02 .09 1.04 0.99 1.09
Daily interpersonal stress −0.03 0.03 .25 0.97 0.92 1.02
Daily academic stress 0.02 0.01 .02 1.02 1.00 1.03

Alcohol and two or more other substances Weekend 0.07 0.15 .65 1.07 0.80 1.42
Coping motives 0.25 0.12 .04 1.28 1.01 1.63
Enhancement motives 0.37 0.11 <.01 1.44 1.16 1.80
Sex −1.19 0.21 <.01 0.30 0.20 0.46
Mean interpersonal stress 0.03 0.07 .70 1.03 0.89 1.19
Mean academic stress 0.05 0.03 .15 1.05 0.98 1.12
Daily interpersonal stress 0.02 0.04 .64 1.02 0.94 1.11
Daily academic stress −0.01 0.02 .53 0.99 0.96 1.02

Note.

a

Alcohol-only is reference group.

Sex: 0 = men, 1=women. OR: Odds ratio