Table 1:

A summary of various modes of action (MOAs) for rodent hepatocarcinogenicity and their corresponding gene alterations in rodent studies

Hepatotoxicity in 2-week Toxicology Study
Hepatocarcinogenicity MOAs	Potential target genes
Genotoxicity	Ccng1, Lama5, Cdkn1a, Mdm2, Nhej.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)	Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Cyp1a2
Constitutive Androstane Receptor/Pregnane X Receptor (CAR/PXR)	Cyp2b1, Ces2c, Cyp3a23/3a1, Ugt2b1
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR-α)	Acot1, Cyp4a1, Ehhadh, Cpt1b, Vnn1
Estrogen Receptor	Rbp7, Cited4, Lifr, Orm1, Cyp4a8, Rgs3
Cytotoxicity	Anxa2, Gpnmb, Tubb6, S100a10, Trib3
Oxidative Stress/Nrf2	Hmox1, Nqo1, Akr7a3, Srxn1, Gsta3
Inflammation	Lcn2, A2m, Lbp, Tnfrsf21, Cxcl9