Figure 8.

Comparison of the IV-CLPM’s joint test of (unidirectional) distal and wave-2 proximal effects with its 1df LRT of wave-2 proximal effect, as well as with the CLPM’s 1df LRT of distal effect. For reference, the IV-CLPM’s 1df LRT of distal effect is also shown. Comparing the 2df LRT statistic (dark red) with the 1df LRT of wave-2 proximal effect (dark blue) in the IV-CLPM can help gauge whether a particular time interval would be appropriate for fitting the traditional CLPM. The non-centrality parameters were obtained by fixing to zero the parameters of interest in models fitted to data with $N=1000,$ $b_{YX}=0.2,$ $b_{XY}=0.$2, $b_{X2X1}=0.7,$ $b_{Y2Y1}=0.7,$ and $r_{\mathit{exy}}=0.3.$