Table 1.
Population and study characteristics
| First author | Year | Setting | N | Study type | Population | Reason for admission | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alvarez-Bastidas [36] | 2018 | Mexico | 100 | Cross sectional | Adults (60 +) | Undergoing surgery less than 60 min and receiving analgesia | Fair |
| Ansaloni [46] | 2020 | Italy | 357 | Case–control | Adults (65+) | Emergency or elective operations | Fair |
| Bjoro [31] | 2008 | Norway | 204 | Cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Hip fracture surgery | Good |
| Bowman [20] | 1997 | USA | 43 | Cohort prospective | Adults | Undergoing orthopaedic hip surgery | Fair |
| Brown [47] | 2016 | USA | 89 | Cohort prospective | Adults (70+) | Elective spine surgery | Fair |
| Contín [48] | 2005 | Spain | 236 | Cohort prospective | Adults (51 to 80) | Elective orthopaedic surgery | Fair |
| Duprey [21] | 2022 | USA | 560 | Secondary analysis | Adults (70+) | Undergoing major elective surgery | Good |
| Feast [32] | 2018 | UK | 230 | Cross sectional | Dementia Adults (70+) | Unplanned medical hospital admission | Good |
| Jain [49] | 2011 | USA | 400 | RCT Secondary analysis | Adults (65+) or < 65 if history of delirium | Elective total hip or knee replacement surgery | Poor |
| Johansson [50] | 2013 | Sweden | 49 | Cohort prospective | Adults (70+) | Hip fracture surgery | Fair |
| Kosar [38] | 2014 | USA | 459 | Cohort prospective | Adults (70+) | Major elective surgery | Good |
| Kubota [51] | 2018 | Japan | 2,168 | Cohort retrospective | Adults | Surgical ward admission | Good |
| Leung [52] | 2009 | USA | 335 | Nested cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Noncardiac surgery | Fair |
| Leung [53] | 2013 | USA | 581 | Cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Scheduled for major non-cardiac surgery | Good |
| Lewis [29] | 2017 | Tanzania | 494 | Cross sectional | Adults (60+) | Admitted to medical wards | Good |
| Li [54] | 2019 | China | 111 | Cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Acute STEMI following primary PCI | Fair |
| Liang [55] | 2014 | Taiwan | 232 | Cohort prospective | Adults (60+) | Orthopaedic surgery | Good |
| Lin [33] | 2016 | Taiwan | 1,609 | Cohort prospective | Adults (60+) | Elective noncardiac surgery and general anaesthesia | Good |
| Liu [22] | 2022 | China | 184 | Cohort prospective | Adults (60+) | Thoracic and abdominal surgery | Good |
| Lynch [56] | 1998 | USA | 361 | Cohort prospective | Adults (50+) | Major elective noncardiac operations | Good |
| Matsuo [45] | 2017 | Japan | 207 | Cohort prospective | Adults (20+) | Advanced cancer patients receiving corticosteroids to treat fatigue or anorexia | Fair |
| Morrison [34] | 2003 | USA | 539 | Cohort prospective | Adults | Hip fracture | Fair |
| Narayanan [39] | 2022 | India | 50 | Cohort prospective | Adults (61+) | Elective onco-surgery | Good |
| Oh [35] | 2008 | Korea | 224 | Cohort retrospective | Adults (71+) | Neurosurgical operation | Good |
| Roche-Albero [57] | 2021 | Spain | 133 | Cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Osteoporotic hip fracture | Fair |
| Salottolo [58] | 2022 | USA | 517 | Cohort prospective | Adults (55–90) | Traumatic hip fracture | Good |
| Sieber [59] | 2011 | USA | 236 | Cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Hip fracture repair | Fair |
| Susano [60] | 2019 | USA | 715 | Cohort retrospective | Adults (65+) | Spinal surgery | Good |
| Vaurio [30] | 2006 | USA | 331 | Cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Elective noncardiac surgery | Fair |
| Xue [61] | 2016 | China | 358 | Cohort prospective | Adults (65+) | Transurethral resection of prostate | Fair |