Fig. 3.

Immune checkpoint molecules altered by MTA treatment. Representative micrographs (upper panel) and quantification (lower panel) of PD-1- and PD-L1-positive cells in VT, sorafenib, lenvatinib, VEGFR2 antibody, and regorafenib cabozantinib groups. Arrowheads represent positive cells. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. VT, one-way ANOVA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. VT vehicle treatment, VEGFR2 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, ns not significant, PD-1 programmed cell death-1, PD-L1 programmed cell death ligand 1