Table 5.
Summary of morphological characters examined in the present study. All values except standard length (SL) and Head length (HL) are given as percentages of the HL or SL. For the meristics the mode is given alongside the range of the counts in parentheses where the counts varied.
| Species | Chiloglaniscarnatus sp. nov. | Chiloglanispretoriae | Chiloglanisanoterus | Chiloglanisbifurcus | Chiloglanisemarginatus | Chiloglanisfasciatus | Chiloglanisneumanni | Chiloglanisparatus | Chiloglanisswierstrai | Chiloglanis sp. ‘dwarf’ | Chiloglanis sp. ‘Nyangombe’ | Chiloglanis sp. ‘Pungwe’ | Chiloglanis sp. ‘roughskin’ | Chiloglanis sp. ‘Zambezi’ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of specimens | 19 | 16 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 25 | 6 | 4 | 65 | 6 |
| Total length | 45.3–62.2 | 31.7–67.1 | 80.1 | 68.7–84.9 | 50.2–66.6 | 37.7–53.3 | 0–42.7 | 44–51.9 | 45.2–65.7 | 31.4–51.1 | 33.1–48.2 | 34.4–62.9 | 39.8–87.6 | 55.2–62.6 |
| Standard length | 35.5–48.9 | 26.5–54.6 | 61.7 | 51.4–63.9 | 40.3–55.6 | 30.3–41.7 | 33.4–39.8 | 35.8–42.4 | 34.9–51.9 | 26.0–41.6 | 26.0–38.5 | 24.6–48.6 | 31.6–66.6 | 43.7–50.6 |
| Head length | 12.1–15.6 | 8.8–19.4 | 20.3 | 15.7–19.5 | 12.3–15.7 | 10.0–13.7 | 10.1–12.6 | 11.1–13.8 | 9.2–13.6 | 8.0–12.8 | 8.9–13.1 | 6.6–15.6 | 10.3–22.8 | 13.9–16.8 |
| % Standard length | ||||||||||||||
| Pre-pectoral length | 26.9–30.0 | 26.3–32.7 | 30.9 | 27.4–31.1 | 24.5–27.3 | 29.5–32.4 | 26.1–27.8 | 28.4–30.0 | 25.0–27.0 | 24.3–33.1 | 29.6–32.3 | 30.2–35.9 | 25.7–32.4 | 25.8–31.4 |
| Pre-dorsal length | 39.9–43.7 | 40.7–48.7 | 38.6 | 38.9–42.9 | 37.7–42.7 | 40.4–44.9 | 38.6–41.5 | 39.2–42.3 | 34.5–36.7 | 36.6–50.5 | 39.0–46.8 | 35.4–44.7 | 36.0–44.1 | 36.2–46.3 |
| Pre-pelvic length | 56.0–59.3 | 53.6–58.4 | 59.7 | 52.5–58.1 | 51.3–56.8 | 56.1–59.7 | 55.6–57.5 | 55.2–58.6 | 49.1–54.8 | 50.7–58.6 | 51.7–64.2 | 57.2–65.1 | 53.6–61.6 | 55.3–60.7 |
| Pre-anal length | 67.6–73.3 | 66.4–72.8 | 73.3 | 63.4–69.3 | 63.0–68.2 | 67.7–73.3 | 70.7–72.4 | 67.6–71.3 | 64.1–69.5 | 64.1–75.3 | 65.2–80.1 | 56.7–80.2 | 64.3–77.6 | 58.7–76.5 |
| Dorsal fin to adipose fin length | 18.2–22.6 | 18.1–25.8 | 25.5 | 21.4–29.1 | 20.2–24.4 | 21.4–24.1 | 21.6–26.9 | 23.9–28 | 18.7–26.8 | 21.5–28.6 | 20.2–28.4 | 21.9–29.1 | 19.2–30.2 | 20.5–21.6 |
| Pectoral-spine length | 15.0–19.8 | 13.5–19.8 | 11.5 | 17.8–22.4 | 17.2–22 | 17.5–21.5 | 16.8–22.4 | 19.7–22.7 | 19.0–23.1 | 13.7–20 | 13.7–20.2 | 18.2–19.9 | 13.8–26.6 | 14.7–22.0 |
| Pectoral-fin length | 19.3–23.6 | 14.1–22.6 | 19 | 22.9–26.6 | 19.5–24.3 | 21.4–25.1 | 21.9–24.5 | 22.6–26.4 | 23.2–25.5 | 15.4–24.3 | 18.2–21.1 | 22.1–25.9 | 17.6–27.4 | 20.5–26.1 |
| Width at pectoral-fin insertion | 23.0–25.3 | 24.4–29.8 | 24.3 | 24.7–27.9 | 23.9–26.5 | 23.7–26.1 | 21.4–24.9 | 23.8–25.8 | 17.6–21.5 | 21.7–25.7 | 22.3–26.1 | 23.9–27.0 | 21.0–27.6 | 23.6–25.7 |
| Pelvic-fin length | 10.8–14.2 | 12.2–15.9 | 12.9 | 14.6–17.2 | 10.8–14.6 | 11.6–14.6 | 13.6–14 | 13.0–13.1 | 12.3–15.4 | 11.7–15.3 | 11.7–13.3 | 13.8–16.0 | 10.2–17.5 | 13.4–15.7 |
| Pelvic-fin interspace | 3.0–5.1 | 2.1–4.7 | 4.3 | 4.4–6.2 | 2.8–4.7 | 2.5–4.7 | 3.0–3.9 | 4.4–4.7 | 2.7–4.9 | 1.8–6.0 | 2.0–4.2 | 2.7–5.4 | 2.6–8.2 | 3.8–5.0 |
| Body depth at dorsal-fin insertion | 15.5–20.7 | 16.0–21.0 | 19.1 | 16.2–21.8 | 17.3–22.4 | 15.4–19.3 | 17.7–22.1 | 15.2–18.1 | 12.2–19.2 | 16.8–22.7 | 15.7–19.3 | 17.2–20.8 | 17.2–25.3 | 17.3–20.2 |
| Body depth at anus | 13.9–17.6 | 15.3–18.7 | 18 | 16.7–21.2 | 15.5–18.6 | 11.9–14.5 | 13.5–16.1 | 12.9–15.4 | 11.3–14.6 | 14.3–19.9 | 13.1–16.2 | 13.8–17.8 | 12.5–20.4 | 14.0–15.6 |
| Dorsal-spine length | 13.2–18.0 | 13.3–20.9 | 11.3 | 13–17.5 | 14.0–17.4 | 15.8–20.5 | 17.1–20.4 | 18.4–21.3 | 14.0–15.0 | 11.6–20.1 | 14.5–17.9 | 13.8–20.6 | 12.5–25.4 | 11.9–17.8 |
| Dorsal-fin base length | 10.7–14.1 | 12.8–18.0 | 8.6 | 9.5–13.2 | 8.8–12.9 | 10.4–13.7 | 8.5–10.2 | 12.8–14.6 | 7.5–9.6 | 11.5–23.7 | 12.8–16.6 | 20.6–28 | 11.8–30.6 | 15.4–24.7 |
| Adipose fin to caudal peduncle length | 12.9–17.0 | 13.3–17.7 | 15.2 | 14.9–18.5 | 13.1–17.0 | 13.1–16.8 | 11.9–14.1 | 13.6–15.6 | 14.0–15.9 | 14.4–19.8 | 15.1–20.9 | 11.3–16.1 | 13.3–21.6 | 15.7–17.2 |
| Adipose-fin base length | 17.0–23.3 | 16.2–25.2 | 16.5 | 9.2–13.6 | 14.6–19.6 | 12.4–17.8 | 15.5–17.4 | 13.7–15.4 | 17.0–22.5 | 13.2–17 | 11.3–17.3 | 13.2–19.6 | 10.4–19.3 | 14.9–17.4 |
| Adipose-fin height | 4.1–6.8 | 4.2–5.8 | 3.5 | 2.9–4.6 | 2.3–5.0 | 3.3–5.2 | 2.7–3.1 | 3.0–3.9 | 3.5–5.2 | 2.8–5.4 | 3.2–5.3 | 3.3–5.6 | 3.3–8.7 | 5.0–6.2 |
| Anal-fin length along longest ray | 11.7–17.9 | 13.7–18.3 | 15.5 | 14.1–17.8 | 11.6–14.6 | 11.5–16.6 | 19.2–20.9 | 12.8–14.6 | 10.1–15.5 | 11.8–18.7 | 13.0–17.2 | 11.0–17.5 | 10.9–20.5 | 13.2–16.9 |
| Anal-fin base length | 10.5–13.5 | 11.7–15.4 | 12.9 | 11.5–15.3 | 10.9–14.9 | 8.9–11.4 | 11.1–12.1 | 10.6–11.0 | 11.7–15 | 10.6–16.4 | 11.9–15.5 | 11.3–19.4 | 8.2–15.6 | 11.8–14.2 |
| Caudal peduncle depth | 11.3–13.2 | 11–13.8 | 12.2 | 11.1–14.1 | 10.2–11.9 | 7.5–8.8 | 9.5–9.9 | 9.6–9.9 | 7.2–8.7 | 10.9–12.6 | 10.0–11.9 | 9.6–12.8 | 9.8–14.9 | 10.0–11.1 |
| Caudal peduncle length | 15.9–19.7 | 15.8–22.6 | 18.6 | 19.9–22.7 | 19.1–23.7 | 18.8–21.7 | 16.0–18.8 | 17.7–18.9 | 19.6–22.0 | 17.4–24.5 | 20.3–22.9 | 13.6–15.8 | 13.9–21.9 | 16.2–17.9 |
| Head length | 30.5–34.9 | 33.3–38.6 | 32.9 | 29.5–31.3 | 26.5–30.7 | 30.4–35.2 | 30.2–31.7 | 31.0–32.6 | 24.8–28.0 | 27.8–34.9 | 32.8–39.4 | 25.9–33.7 | 28.3–36.3 | 31.4–34.1 |
| % Head length | ||||||||||||||
| Eye diameter (vertical axis) | 9.9–13.8 | 11.6–18.3 | 10.6 | 12.1–16.6 | 11.9–16.5 | 9.4–13.1 | 9.1–14.9 | 10.6–12.5 | 13.2–18.6 | 11.8–16.1 | 12.6–13.9 | 10.9–20.4 | 7.4–15.3 | 11.5–15.1 |
| Orbital interspace | 21.5–28.7 | 22.6–28.9 | 23.4 | 19.5–24.6 | 18.3–24.4 | 18.5–25.4 | 25.7–30.2 | 22.2–23.9 | 15.3–22.7 | 23.3–38.5 | 20.9–25.2 | 23.8–38.4 | 18.0–38.9 | 22.7–30.4 |
| Anterior nares interspace | 9.5–15.5 | 12.4–16.6 | 11.9 | 19.5–21.2 | 16.5–22.4 | 11.5–17.6 | 13.9–19.8 | 13.3–15.5 | 15.7–22.4 | 10.9–18.4 | 13.0–14.7 | 13.7–23.0 | 11.0–21.6 | 13.5–16.7 |
| Posterior nares interspace | 10.3–15.5 | 11–15.5 | 11.8 | 15.3–21.9 | 13.8–20.9 | 9.9–16.1 | 14.9–22.2 | 9.3–10.9 | 12.6–18.2 | 12.9–16.7 | 12.6–14.7 | 8.9–13.0 | 7.5–18.4 | 10.2–13.0 |
| Snout length | 54.0–66.2 | 55.7–65.7 | 65 | 58.2–64.8 | 49.5–59.9 | 58.9–69.3 | 51.5–56.2 | 56.9–59.0 | 51.5–57.5 | 52.3–66.1 | 51.4–67.3 | 54.7–84 | 51.1–68.0 | 53.4–66.2 |
| Pre-maxillary tooth-patch length | 8.2–12.3 | 8.2–13.9 | 11.7 | 7.0–9.3 | 6.3–8.2 | 7.5–9.5 | 9.9–12.9 | 9.2–11.8 | 8.5–11.6 | 6.8–10.3 | 6.1–9.9 | 7.5–11.5 | 5.4–14.3 | 9.9–12.1 |
| Pre-maxillary tooth-patch width | 36.8–47.9 | 30.7–46.8 | 51.5 | 44.1–50.2 | 39.9–46.2 | 40.3–46.7 | 36.4–38.9 | 41.3–44.2 | 39.5–47.1 | 35.9–45.3 | 39.6–47.8 | 31.7–44.5 | 29.7–50.1 | 37.2–45.1 |
| Mandibular tooth row width | 4.6–8.1 | 16.0–25.6 | 10.5 | 10.4–17.3 | 9.6–13.5 | 4.8–6.6 | 9.9–13.5 | 7.2–7.7 | 10.0–16.6 | 13.6–25.0 | 19.0–25.5 | 17.6–27.8 | 11.9–22.2 | 20.5–25.4 |
| Maxillary barbel length | 20.3–28.8 | 21.3–36.8 | 22.7 | 23.8–41.8 | 29.1–41.8 | 26.4–31.2 | 21.8–30.2 | 24.3–27.5 | 44.2–66.8 | 17.4–34.3 | 20.1–28.1 | 19.7–32.1 | 20.2–45.7 | 31.3–37.0 |
| Upper lip length | 11.1–16.2 | 11.7–18.8 | 16.7 | 8.4–12.3 | 6.6–10.6 | 8.8–15.5 | 9.1–10.0 | 12.3–12.4 | 7.0–10.5 | 6.9–14.3 | 8.4–13.5 | 11.3–19.5 | 10.2–19.5 | 12.5–17.2 |
| Lower lip length | 18.3–26.6 | 22.4–27.7 | 25.1 | 17.7–25.6 | 23.5–28.8 | 18.8–24.9 | 19.8–27.0 | 22.8–27.6 | 19.2–26.0 | 12.6–22.9 | 20.7–29.3 | 19.7–27.8 | 9.6–16.8 | 20.7–24.7 |
| Mouth width | 23.9–33.8 | 24.8–32.6 | 39.6 | 30.9–39.1 | 25.7–36.2 | 25.6–32.1 | 20.6–22.8 | 28.0–35.9 | 27.9–34.0 | 20.4–33.4 | 27.1–33.8 | 25.2–37.8 | 17.5–32.8 | 24.7–31.1 |
| Oral disc width | 51.1–64.6 | 48.4–70.3 | 69.1 | 59.3–69.3 | 58.9–66.3 | 51.4–64.1 | 47.6–53.5 | 60.8–64.8 | 51.8–63.0 | 44.4–57.3 | 45.8–56.1 | 63.4–69.7 | 35.7–69.2 | 54.4–63.3 |
| Oral disc length | 48.6–57 | 46.0–61.1 | 63.8 | 53.7–61.3 | 43.3–54.7 | 48.4–59.7 | 41.6–53.2 | 55.7–57.8 | 48.6–62.4 | 40.7–53.9 | 41.9–58.2 | 46.5–57.4 | 38.6–57.1 | 47.9–57.3 |
| Meristics | ||||||||||||||
| Mandibular tooth count | 10 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 8 (6–8) | 8 | 8 | 12 | 11 (11–14) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Pre-maxillary tooth count | 60 (43–69) | 51–59 | 86 | 54 (50–64) | 36–54 | 64 (51–65) | 55–60 | 39–51 | 50 (34–59) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Pectoral-fin ray count | 8 (6–8) | 8 | 8 | 8 (7–8) | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Pelvic-fin ray count | 7 (6–7) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 (7–8) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Dorsal-fin ray count | 6 (5–7) | 6 | 5 | 5 (5–6) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (5–6) | 5 | 5 | 5 (5–6) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Anal-fin ray count | 12 (12–13) | 10 | 13 | 12 (9–13) | 10 (10–12) | 9 (8–12) | 10 (10–12) | 9 | 12 (9–13) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| X-rays | ||||||||||||||
| Number of specimens | 9 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 6 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Abdominal vertebrae | 13 (11–13) | 12–13 | 13 | 11 (10–11) | 10 (10–12) | 13 (12–13) | 13 (12–13) | 12 | 12 (11–13) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Caudal vertebrae | 17 (16–18) | 18–19 | 17 | 20 (18–20) | 19 (17–19) | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–18) | 16 | 20 (16–20) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Total vertebrae | 29 (29–30) | 28 | 30 | 30 (29–30) | 29 (28–30) | 29 (28–29) | 28 | 27 | 32 (31–32) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |