Table 3.
Comparison of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of SLE patients with and without cranial neuropathy within 5 years of follow-up
| Entire cohort (N=795) |
With CN (n=10) |
Without CN (n=785) |
With vs without CN Difference (95% CI) |
|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age at baseline (years), mean (SD)* | 35.7 (13.5) | 37.0 (11.5) | 35.6 (13.5) | 1.4 (−7.1 to 9.8) |
| Age at diagnosis (years), mean (SD)* | 35.1 (13.5) | 36.4 (11.5) | 35.1 (13.5) | 1.4 (−7.1 to 9.8) |
| Sex, % female* | 88.7 | 80.0 | 88.8 | −8.8 (−33.7 to 16.1) |
| Ethnicity, % White* | 52.1 | 60.0 | 52.0 | 8.0 (−22.5 to 38.6) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| SLEDAI-2K at baseline, mean (SD)† | 5.7 (5.4) | 3.4 (5.7) | 5.7 (5.4) | −2.3 (−5.7 to 1.1) |
| ACR criteria* | ||||
| Malar rash | 33.0 | 40.0 | 32.9 | 7.1 (−23.4 to 37.7) |
| Discoid rash | 11.1 | 0.0 | 11.2 | −11.2 (−13.4 to −9.0) |
| Oral ulcers | 35.4 | 20.0 | 35.5 | −15.5 (−40.6 to 9.5) |
| Serositis | 27.8 | 20.0 | 27.9 | −7.9 (−32.9 to 17.1) |
| Arthritis | 70.4 | 80.0 | 70.3 | 9.7 (−15.3 to 34.7) |
| Photosensitivity | 33.8 | 30.0 | 33.9 | −3.9 (−32.5 to 24.7) |
| Renal disorder | 26.7 | 20.0 | 26.8 | −6.8 (−31.7 to 18.2) |
| Neurological disorder | 4.4 | 0.0 | 4.5 | −4.5 (−5.9 to −3.0) |
| Haematological disorder | 66.4 | 90.0 | 66.1 | 23.9 (5.0 to 42.8) |
| Immunological disorder | 79.6 | 80.0 | 79.6 | 0.4 (−24.6 to 25.3) |
| ANA | 95.7 | 100.0 | 95.7 | 4.3 (2.9 to 5.8) |
| Hypocomplementaemia‡ | 42.8 | 37.5 | 42.8 | −5.3 (−39.1 to 28.4) |
| Leucopenia§ | 8.8 | 0.0 | 8.9 | −8.9 (−11.0 to −6.8) |
| Other serological markers | ||||
| Anticardiolipin IgG¶ | 16.7 | 11.1 | 16.8 | −5.7 (−26.4 to 15.1) |
| Anticardiolipin IgM¶ | 5.7 | 0.0 | 5.7 | −5.7 (−7.5 to −4.0) |
| Anti-ß2GP1 IgG¶ | 9.1 | 0.0 | 9.2 | −9.2 (−11.3 to −7.0) |
| Anti-ß2GP1 IgM¶ | 11.5 | 11.1 | 11.5 | −0.4 (−21.0 to 20.3) |
| Lupus anticoagulant** | 35.8 | 50.0 | 35.5 | 14.5 (−55.5 to 84.5) |
| Anti-dsDNA¶ | 73.3 | 88.9 | 73.1 | 15.8 (−5.0 to 36.6) |
| Antihistone¶ | 31.1 | 33.3 | 31.1 | 2.2 (−28.7 to 33.2) |
| Anti-ribosomal P¶ | 25.9 | 55.6 | 25.5 | 30.1 (−2.6 to 62.7) |
| Anti-Sm¶ | 23.5 | 22.2 | 23.5 | −1.3 (−28.6 to 26.1) |
| Anti-U1RNP¶ | 28.6 | 22.2 | 28.7 | −6.4 (−33.8 to 20.9) |
| Anti-PCNA¶ | 17.8 | 33.3 | 17.6 | 15.7 (−15.2 to 46.6) |
| Anti-Ro52/TRIM21¶ | 39.2 | 22.2 | 39.4 | −17.2 (−44.6 to 10.2) |
| Anti-SSA/Ro60¶ | 43.9 | 22.2 | 44.1 | −21.9 (−49.3 to 5.5) |
| Anti-SSB/La¶ | 22.4 | 22.2 | 22.4 | −0.1 (−27.5 to 27.2) |
Bold indicates statistically significant results.
Covariates with zero cells not included in the analysis.
Data presented as per cent positive unless otherwise specified.
*n=795.
†n=793.
‡n=741.
§n=714.
¶n=707.
**n=95.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; CN, cranial neuropathy; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; ß2GP1, beta-2-glycoprotein 1; KIF20B, kinesin family member 20B; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Ro52/TRIM21, tripartite motif containing-21 (Ro52); SLEDAI-2K, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2K; Sm, Smith; SSA/Ro60, Sjögren Syndrome antigen A (Ro60); SSB/La, Sjögren Syndrome antigen B (La); U1RNP, U1 ribonucleoprotein.