Table 1.
Based on the baseline characteristics of the study population ascertained by NHANES from 2007 to 2014
| Characteristic | Total | Q1 (0.45–1.98) | Q2 (1.98–2.72) | Q3 (2.72–3.71) | Q4 (3.71–24.3) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 21,058 | 5261 | 5268 | 5258 | 5271 | |
| Age (years) | 49.70 ± 17.64 | 49.48 ± 19.31 | 50.50 ± 18.28 | 49.86 ± 17.08 | 48.95 ± 15.63 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 10,357 (49.18%) | 1928 (36.65%) | 2248 (42.67%) | 2841 (54.03%) | 3340 (63.37%) | |
| Female | 10,701 (50.82%) | 3333 (63.35%) | 3020 (57.33%) | 2417 (45.97%) | 1931 (36.63%) | |
| Race (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mexican American | 3156 (14.99%) | 561 (10.66%) | 705 (13.38%) | 887 (16.87%) | 1003 (19.03%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 2137 (10.15%) | 410 (7.79%) | 517 (9.81%) | 576 (10.95%) | 634 (12.03%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 9426 (44.76%) | 2341 (44.50%) | 2353 (44.67%) | 2316 (44.05%) | 2416 (45.84%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4237 (20.12%) | 1382 (26.27%) | 1142 (21.68%) | 975 (18.54%) | 738 (14.00%) | |
| Other Races | 2102 (9.98%) | 567 (10.78%) | 551 (10.46%) | 504 (9.59%) | 480 (9.11%) | |
| Marital status (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Married | 10,891 (51.72%) | 2435 (46.28%) | 2642 (50.15%) | 2868 (54.55%) | 2946 (55.89%) | |
| Single | 8607 (40.87%) | 2479 (47.12%) | 2226 (42.26%) | 2021 (38.44%) | 1881 (35.69%) | |
| with partner | 1560 (7.41%) | 347 (6.60%) | 400 (7.59%) | 369 (7.02%) | 444 (8.42%) | |
| Education level (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Below high school | 2317 (11.00%) | 424 (8.06%) | 541 (10.27%) | 617 (11.73%) | 735 (13.94%) | |
| High school | 3195 (15.17%) | 738 (14.03%) | 729 (13.84%) | 809 (15.39%) | 919 (17.44%) | |
| Above high school | 15,546 (73.82%) | 4099 (77.91%) | 3998 (75.89%) | 3832 (72.88%) | 3617 (68.62%) | |
| PIR (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 1 | 4299 (22.31%) | 1031 (21.36%) | 1017 (21.13%) | 1045 (21.76%) | 1206 (24.99%) | |
| 1–3 | 7979 (41.41%) | 1865 (38.64%) | 1919 (39.87%) | 2097 (43.66%) | 2098 (43.48%) | |
| > 3 | 6989 (36.27%) | 1930 (39.99%) | 1877 (39.00%) | 1661 (34.58%) | 1521 (31.52%) | |
| BMI category (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Normal weight | 6147 (29.56%) | 2623 (50.37%) | 1679 (32.31%) | 1135 (21.85%) | 710 (13.66%) | |
| Overweight | 7001 (33.66%) | 1503 (28.86%) | 1739 (33.46%) | 1849 (35.60%) | 1910 (36.74%) | |
| Obese | 7649 (36.78%) | 1081 (20.76%) | 1779 (34.23%) | 2210 (42.55%) | 2579 (49.61%) | |
| Vigorous activity (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 3799 (18.04%) | 787 (14.96%) | 895 (16.99%) | 988 (18.79%) | 1129 (21.42%) | |
| No | 17,259 (81.96%) | 4474 (85.04%) | 4373 (83.01%) | 4270 (81.21%) | 4142 (78.58%) | |
| Moderate activity (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 7279 (34.57%) | 1708 (32.47%) | 1755 (33.31%) | 1890 (35.95%) | 1926 (36.54%) | |
| No | 13,779 (65.43%) | 3553 (67.53%) | 3513 (66.69%) | 3368 (64.05%) | 3345 (63.46%) | |
| Alcohol habit (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 2865 (17.42%) | 599 (14.70%) | 642 (15.77%) | 729 (17.82%) | 895 (21.26%) | |
| No | 13,582 (82.58%) | 3476 (85.30%) | 3428 (84.23%) | 3363 (82.18%) | 3315 (78.74%) | |
| Smoking habit (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 9541 (45.31%) | 2191 (41.65%) | 2281 (43.30%) | 2369 (45.06%) | 2700 (51.22%) | |
| No | 11,517 (54.69%) | 3070 (58.35%) | 2987 (56.70%) | 2889 (54.94%) | 2571 (48.78%) | |
| Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 7596 (36.07%) | 1786 (33.95%) | 1877 (35.63%) | 1963 (37.33%) | 1970 (37.37%) | |
| No | 13,462 (63.93%) | 3475 (66.05%) | 3391 (64.37%) | 3295 (62.67%) | 3301 (62.63%) | |
| Diabetes (%) | 0.138 | |||||
| Yes | 2611 (12.40%) | 619 (11.77%) | 637 (12.09%) | 660 (12.55%) | 695 (13.19%) | |
| No | 18,447 (87.60%) | 4642 (88.23%) | 4631 (87.91%) | 4598 (87.45%) | 4576 (86.81%) | |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.01 ± 1.08 | 4.42 ± 0.89 | 4.76 ± 0.90 | 5.08 ± 0.89 | 5.77 ± 1.12 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.35 ± 0.41 | 1.77 ± 0.42 | 1.43 ± 0.28 | 1.22 ± 0.22 | 0.99 ± 0.20 | < 0.001 |
| NHHR | 3.00 ± 1.47 | 1.53 ± 0.32 | 2.34 ± 0.21 | 3.18 ± 0.28 | 4.95 ± 1.41 | < 0.001 |
| Nephrolithiasis (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 1906 (9.05%) | 369 (7.01%) | 459 (8.71%) | 525 (9.98%) | 553 (10.49%) | |
| No | 19,152 (90.95%) | 4892 (92.99%) | 4809 (91.29%) | 4733 (90.02%) | 4718 (89.51%) | |
| Nephrolithiasis recurrence (%) | 0.009 | |||||
| Yes | 642 (3.05%) | 101 (1.92%) | 154 (2.92%) | 176 (3.35%) | 211 (4.00%) | |
| No | 20,416 (96.95%) | 5160 (98.08%) | 5114 (97.08%) | 5082 (96.65%) | 5060 (96.00%) |