Table 1.

Descriptive features of demographics (n = 404)

Normal patients	59.84 ± 11.18
Psychological distress (Years, SD)	62.40 ± 9.60
Sex (n, %)
Female	230 (56.9%)
Male	174 (43.1%)
Education years mean (SD
Normal patients	10.63 ± 4.12
Psychological distress	9.20 ± 3.77
At working	58 (14.4%)
Retired	218 (54%)
Sick leave	12 (3%)
Unemployed	64 (15.8%)
Housewives	52 (12.9%)
Duration of symptoms, months (n, %) Mean (SD)
Leg pain	44(10.9%)41.47 ± 106.98
Low back pain and leg pain	360(89.1%) 57.12 ± 73.08
Indication for fusion (n, %)
Spinal stenosis	316 (78.2%)
Disc herniation or degeneration	44 (10.9%)
Degenerative spondylolisthesis	22 (5.45%)
Degenerative scoliosis	22 (5.45%)

Note Summary statistics are given as mean (SD) or percentages