Table 2.
Means, standard deviations, effect sizes, and ANOVA results of change in outcome at all time points
| Changes in outcome | Treatment group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA | CT | MM | F and P-value group** | Between-group effect size d*** | ||||
| Mean (SD) |
d* (95% CI) |
Mean (SD) |
d* (95% CI) |
Mean (SD) |
d* (95% CI) |
|||
| Change in primary outcome | ||||||||
| PROMIS pain interference | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | − 5.6 (5.6) | − 1.00 (− 1.25, − .73) | − 5.0 (5.0) | − 1.01 (− 1.26, − .74) | − 4.5 (6.4) | − .71 (− .94, − .47) | F(2,257) = .80 P = .45 |
BA–CT: − .11 (− .41, .19 BA–MM: − .18 (− .48, .12) MM–CT: .09 (− .21, .38) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | − 5.6 (6.2) | − .90 (− 1.15, − .64) | − 4.7 (5.5) | − .86 (− 1.12, − .61) | − 3.4 (6.2) | − .54 (− .78, − .31) |
F(2,240) = 2.84 P = .06 |
BA–CT: − .15 (− .46, .16) BA–MM: − .36 (− .67, .05) MM–CT: .23 (− .08, .54) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | − 5.6 (7.0) | − .80 (− 1.05, − .54) | − 4.1 (6.0) | − .69 (− .93, − .45) | − 3.4 (7.4) | − .47 (− .70, − .23) |
F(2,234) = 2.14 P = .12 |
BA–CT: − .23 (− .54, .08) BA–MM: − .31 (− .62, .01) MM–CT: .10 (− .21, .41) |
| Change in secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Average pain intensity | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | − 1.3 (1.9) | − .68 (− .91, − .44) | − 1.0 (1.8) | − .55 (− .78, − .32) | − 1.2 (2.1) | − .56 (− .78, − .33) |
F(2,257) = .51 P = .60 |
BA–CT: − .16 (− .46, .14) BA–MM: − .05 (− .35, .24) MM–CT: − .10 (− .39, .20) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | − 1.4 (2.2) | − .62 (− .86, − .38) | − 0.9 (1.7) | − .53 (− .76, − .29) | − 0.8 (1.9) | − .43 (− .66, − .21) |
F(2,242) = 2.10 P = .12 |
BA–CT: − .25 (− .56, .06) BA–MM: − .28 (− .59, .03) MM–CT: .04 (− .26, .35) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | − 1.1 (2.0) | − .54 (− .77, − .30) | − 1.0 (1.9) | − .51 (− .74, − .28) | − 1.0 (2.0) | − .52 (− .75, − .28) |
F(2,234) = .09 P = .91 |
BA–CT: − .07 (− .38, .24) BA–MM: − .03 (− .35, .28) MM–CT: .04 (− .35, .28) |
| PROMIS sleep disturbance | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | − 4.9 (6.8) | − .71 (− .95, − .47) | − 3.5 (7.1) | − .49 (− .71, − .27) | − 1.7 (6.2) | − .27 (− .48, − .06) |
F(2,257) = 4.98 P = .01 |
BA–CT: − .19 (− .49, .11) BA–MM: − .49 (− .79, − .19) MM–CT: .28 (− .02, .57) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | − 4.3 (8.3) | − .52 (− .75, − .29) | -3.5 (6.6) | -.53 (-.76, -.29) | -2.1 (7.1) | -.29 (-.51, -.07) |
F(2,241) = 1.93 P = .15 |
BA—CT: -.11 (-.42, .20) BA—MM: -.29 (-.60, .02) MM—CT: .21 (-.10, .51) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | − 4.9 (9.4) | − .52 (− .75, − .28) | − 4.0 (7.3) | − .55 (− .78, − .31) | − 3.4 (7.6) | − .44 (− .68, − .20) |
F(2,234) = .68 P = .50 |
BA–CT: − .11 (− .41, .20) BA–MM: − .18 (− .49, .14) MM–CT: .09 (− .23, .40) |
| PROMIS physical function | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | 2.1 (3.8) | .55 (.32, .77) | 1.6 (3.6) | .44 (.21, .66) | 1.1 (3.4) | .32 (.11, .54) |
F(2,257) = 1.66 P = .19 |
BA–CT: .14 (− .16, .44) BA–MM: .28 (− .02, .57) MM–CT: − .14 (− .43, .16) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | 2.7 (4.2) | .63 (.39, .87 | 2.0 (4.3) | .47 (.24, .70) | 1.2 (4.0) | .29 (.07, .52) |
F(2,241) = 2.61 P = .08 |
BA–CT: .15 (− .16, .46) BA–MM: .36 (.05, .67) MM–CT: − .20 (− .51, .10) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | 2.5 (4.8) | .53 (.29, .77) | 1.9 (5.6) | .34 (.12, .56) | 1.3 (5.2) | .25 (.02, .47) |
F(2,234) = 1.12 P = .33 |
BA–CT:.12 (− .19, .43) BA–MM: .25 (− .07, .57) MM–CT: − .12 (− .43, .20) |
| PROMIS depression | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | − 2.6 (6.7) | − .38 (− .60, − .16) | − 3.3 (7.0) | − .46 (− .69, − .24) | − 2.6 (7.8) | − .33 (− .55, − .12) |
F(2,257) = .25 P = .78 |
BA–CT: .10 (− .20, .40) BA–MM: .01 (− .29, .31) MM–CT: .09 (− .21, .38) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | − 2.0 (6.4) | − .31 (− .53, − .08) | − 2.4 (6.9) | − .35 (− .57, − .12) | − 2.3 (8.2) | − .27 (− .49, − .05) |
F(2,241) = .07 P = .93 |
BA–CT: .06 (− .25, .37) BA–MM: .04 (− .27, .34) MM–CT: .02 (− .29, .33) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | − 1.9 (7.4) | − .25 (− .48, .03) | − 2.3 (7.7) | − .30 (− .52, − .08) | − 2.2 (9.4) | − .23 (− .46, .00) |
F(2,234) = .07 P = .94 |
BA–CT: .06 (− .28, .37) BA–MM: .04 (− .28, .35) MM–CT: .02 (− .29, .33) |
| PROMIS anxiety | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | − 1.5 (7.2) | − .21 (− .42, .01) | − 2.2 (7.1) | − .31 (− .53, − .10) | − 2.1 (7.9) | − .27 (− .48, − .06) |
F(2,257) = .26 P = .78 |
BA–CT: .10 (− .20, .40) BA–MM: .09 (− .21, .38) MM–CT: .01 (− .28, .31) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | − .4 (8.3) |
− .05 (− .27, .16) |
− 1.4 (8.6) |
− .16 (− .38, .06) |
− 2.2 (9.0) |
− .25 (− .46, − .02) |
F(2,242) = .84 P = .43 |
BA–CT: .11 (− .20, .042) BA–MM: .20 (− .11, .51) MM–CT: − .09 (− .40, .21) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | .1 (8.9) | .1 (− .22, .23) | − 1.8 (8.4) | − .22 (− .44, .00) | − 1.4 (9.4) | − .15 (− .38, .08) |
F(2,234) = 1.00 P = .37 |
BA–CT: .22 (− .09, .53) BA–MM: .16 (− .16, .48) MM—CT: .05 (-.26, .36) |
| Positive affect | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | 1.6 (3.9) | .40 (.18, .62) | 1.5 (3.5) | .44 (.22, .66) | 1.3 (3.0) | .44 (.22, .66) |
F(2,257) = .16 P = .86 |
BA—CT: .01 (-.29, .31) BA—MM: .08 (-.22, .38) MM—CT: -.07 (-.37, .23) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | 1.0 (4.1) | .23 (.01, .45) | 1.4 (3.6) | .39 (.16, .61) | .4 (3.4) | .13 (− .09, .35) |
F(2,242) = 1.32 P = .27 |
BA–CT: − .11 (− .42, .20) BA–MM: .14 (− .17, .44) MM–CT: − .27 (− .58, .04) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | .8 (4.2) | .19 (− .04, .41) | .7 (3.9) | .18 (− .03, .40) | 1.1 (3.2) | .35 (.11, .58) |
F(2,234) = .24 P = .79 |
BA–CT: .02 (− .29, .33) BA–MM: − .09 (− .40, .23) MM–CT: .11 (− .20, .42) |
| Negative affect | ||||||||
| Post-treat. minus pre-treat | − 1.3 (3.3) | − .39 (− .61, -.17) | − 1.2 (3.2) | − .38 (− .60, − .16) | − .8 (4.1) | − .20 (− .41, .01) |
F(2,257) = .45 P = .64 |
BA–CT: − .02 (− .32, .28) BA–MM: − .13 (− .42, .17) MM–CT: .11 (− .19, .41) |
| 3 months minus pre-treat | − 1.0 (3.0) | − .33 (− .55, − .10) | − .8 (3.4) | − .23 (− .45, − .01) | − .5 (3.6) | − .15 (− .36, .07) |
F(2,242) = .40 P = .68 |
BA–CT: − .07 (− .38, .24) BA–MM: − .14 (− .45, .17) MM–CT: .07 (− .24, .38) |
| 6 months minus pre-treat | − 1.0 (3.9) | − .26 (− .49, − .04) | − .7 (3.8) | − .20 (− .41, .02) | − .5 (4.2) | − .11 (− .34, .12) |
F(2,234) = .38 P = .68 |
BA–CT: − .07 (− .38, .24) BA–MM: − .14 (− .45, .18) MM–CT: .07 (− 24, .38) |
*Effect size (Cohen’s d) within an intervention group for a specific follow-up time point and 95% confidence interval calculated via macro effectsize in R for one sample
**F statistics and P-value for intervention from ANOVA with change in score as the response variable and intervention as factor
***Effect size (Cohen’s d) between intervention groups for a specific follow-up time point, and 95% Confidence Interval calculated via macro effectsize in R. Effect sizes shown are for the mean of first intervention minus mean of second intervention, using pooled standard deviation