Fig. 3.

Detailed mechanism of EMT-related gene activation via various pathways. This figure describes the mechanisms that underlie the Dvl-dependent regulation of GSK-3β, a key kinase involved in the breakdown of cytoplasmic β-catenin. The illustration outlines the sequence initiated by the binding of Wnt ligands to Frizzled receptors. This binding and activation event facilitates the nuclear localization and accumulation of β-catenin, subsequently activating the LEF-1 transcription factor. The figure further emphasizes the consequential stimulation of the production of several EMT-related genes, which are critical in tumor progression and metastasis. The processes leading to the Notch intracellular domain (ICD) release by the γ-secretase enzyme in response to the interaction between JAG2 and its receptor Notch are also depicted. The figure highlights the roles of various pathways, including ERK and NF-κB, activated by the Notch ICD, in the induction of the Snail1/Snail2 and LEF-1 transcription factors