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. 2024 Apr 13;14:8591. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57231-7
PV system
 Model109 LONGI LR4-72HPH-450
 Rated power 450Wp
 NOCT 45C
 β 0.35%
 CcapPV110 857/kW
 CO&MPV 1%
 Life span 25years
PHES system111
 ηt×ηp 75%
 CcapPHES 5131/kW
 Cost of balance 15/kW
 Ccapstor 68/kWh
 CO&M-fPHES 4.6/kW
 CO&M-VPHES 0.22MWh
Ultra-capacitor
 CcapUC112 2000$kWh
 CO&MUC 1%
 Life span112 Above 25 years
Inverter113
 CcapInv 210$kW
 CrepInv 210$/kW
 CO&MInv 1%
 Life span 15years
Economic parameters
 in 7%
 if 3%
 Lifetime of the project 25years
Algorithm parameters
 Iteration 200
 Population 200