Table 2. Main Barriers and Facilitators Across Policies .

	Diet	Alcohol	Tobacco	Physical Activity	Health System
Main Barriers
Trade regulations prohibit protective action of policies	x	x	x
Self-regulatory measures lack transparency and accountability mechanisms		x	x	x	x
Lobbying/influence of industry interfere with policy process	x	x	x	x
NCDs are framed as individual responsibility and government intervention as patronising (ie, “nanny state”)	x	x	x	x
Cultural norms impact political decisions	x	x	x	x	x
NCDs lack political and economic support	x	x	x	x	x
Policy making lack of transparency in multisectoral collaboration	x	x	x	x
Infrastructure is inappropriate (build environment, conflict, and safety)				x	x
Human resources have limited capacity and skills					x
Risk factors are poorly documented and lack data to inform policy	x	x	x	x	x
Main Facilitators
Strong governance and leadership enact legislations and engage in multisectoral action	x	x	x	x	x
Governments manage conflict of interests while engaging with industry	x	x	x	x
Public awareness, agency, and general health literacy improve the policy process	x	x	x	x	x
Whole-of-society approach support comprehensive action	x	x		x
Political accountability via social participation and community engagement can improve policy outcomes	x	x	x	x	x
Policy evaluation and monitoring	x	x	x	x	x
International framework with binding powers, such as FCTC, are powerful tools to help governments			x
Technical support (also via regional coordination) help staff to adopt and implement policies	x	x	x	x	x
Surveillance system and disease specific registries are needed to inform policy makers					x
Local evidence and locally driven policies are better suited for policy development					x

Abbreviations: FCTC, Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; NCD, non-communicable disease.