Table 3.
Phenotype-specific neural antibody evaluations.
| CNS Phenotype | Pertinent neural antibodies |
|---|---|
| Encephalitis [1–23] | AMPA-R, AK-5, Amphiphysin, AGNA-1, ANNA-1-3, CASPR2, CRMP-5, DPPX, GABA-A, GABA-B, GAD65, GFAP, IgLON5, LGI1, mGluR1, Neurexin 3α, Neurochondrin, NF-L, NMDA-R, PCA1,2 and Tr, Septin-7 |
| Ataxia and other movement disorders [1,3–7,9–11,13–16,18–33] | AMPA-R, Amphiphysin, AGNA-1, ANNA-1-3, AP3B2, CASPR2, CRMP-5, DPPX, GABA-A, GABA-B, GAD65, GFAP, GRAF-1, IgLON5, ITPR-1, KLHL-11, LGI1, mGluR1, Neurochondrin, NF-L, NMDA-R, PCA1, 2 and Tr, PDE10A; RGS8, SEZ6L2, Septin-5, Septin-7 |
| Brainstem Encephalitis [3,4,7,13,15,18–20,26,28,34–37] | ANNA-1, ANNA-2, Amphiphysin, AQP4, AGNA-1, GAD65, GFAP, IgLON5, ITPR1, KLHL-11, Neurochondrin, NF-L, NMDA-R, MOG, PCA-1 |
| Myelopathy [6,16,18,20,21,23,25,26,38,39] | Amphiphysin, AQP4, AGNA-1, ANNA-1-3, AP3B2, CRMP-5, DPPX, GAD65, GFAP, mGluR1, MOG, Neurochondrin, NF-L, PCA1, PCA2, Septin 7 |
| Stiff-person syndrome-spectrum (including PERM) [40–43] | Amphiphysin, DPPX, GABA-A, GAD65, Glycine |
| CNS demyelinating disease evaluation (optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, ADEM, UCE) [44,45] | AQP4, MOG |
| Paraneoplastic Retinopathy [46,47] | Recoverin, CRMP5 |
| Pediatric CNS evaluation [8,10,48–56] | ANNA-1, AQP4, CASPR2, DPPX, GABA-B, GAD65, GFAP, LGI1, mGluR1, MOG, Neurochondrin, NMDA-R, PCA-1 |
AMPAR: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; AK: adenylate kinase; AGNA: anti-glial nuclear antibody; ANNA: antineuronal nuclear antibody; CASPR2: contactin-associated protein-like 2;; CRMP: collapsin-responsive mediator protein; DPPX: dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein; GABAA: gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor; GABABR: gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GAD: glutamic acid decarboxylase; LGI1: leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1; mGluR: metabotropic glutamate receptor;; NF-L: neuronal intermediate filament; NMDA-R: N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor; PCA: Purkinje cell antibody; GRAF1: GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase 1;; ITPR1, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1; KLHL-11: Kelch-like protein 11; AP3B2: adaptor protein 3B2; RGS8: regulator of G-protein signaling 8; SEZ6L2: seizure-like related 6 homolog like 2 antibodies; AQP4: aquaporin 4; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; PERM: progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus.