TABLE 3.
Volatile flavor compounds and their relative content during fermentation.
| No. | Compounds | CAS | Content (μg/g) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh ginger | Dry salting | Brine pickling | Inoculation pickling | |||
| Terpenoids | ||||||
| 1 | δ‐Cadinene | 483–76‐1 | 1721.72 | 1438.83 | 1559.15 | 1851.78 |
| 2 | (Z)‐citral | 106–26‐3 | 132.22 | 131.31 | 148.74 | 301.89 |
| 3 | Epsilon‐muurolene | 30021–46‐6 | 42.39 | 36.44 | 39.24 | 31.14 |
| 4 | α‐Muurolene | 10208–80‐7 | 1529.56 | 1328.74 | 1274.66 | 1584.92 |
| 5 | Myrcenone | 539–70‐8 | 5.38 | 5.98 | – | 6.31 |
| 6 | D‐Carvone | 2244‐16‐8 | 13.11 | – | 23.05 | 15.03 |
| 7 | β‐Ocimene | 13877–91‐3 | 2246.88 | 1771.88 | 1674.81 | 1746.19 |
| 8 | 1,8‐Cineole | 470–82‐6 | 1040.59 | 817.84 | 838.3 | 871.85 |
| 9 | Ascaridole | 512–85‐6 | 62.47 | 15.01 | 134.15 | 79.55 |
| 10 | Cubebol | 23445–02‐5 | 813.24 | 677.34 | 694.34 | 864.74 |
| 11 | β‐Phellandrene | 555–10‐2 | 2244.7 | 1770.81 | 1673.73 | 1744.29 |
| 12 | (+)‐Neodihydrocarveol | 18675–33‐7 | 13.94 | 18.62 | 19.16 | 10.85 |
| 13 | Eudesma‐2,4,11‐triene | 82462–31‐5 | 421.48 | 351.37 | 396.44 | 764.28 |
| 14 | δ‐Guaiene | 3691‐11‐0 | 1030.49 | 882.47 | 974.25 | 881.64 |
| 15 | (−)‐Trans‐beta‐bergamotene | 15438–94‐5 | 1282.32 | 1098.03 | 1078.89 | 1330.66 |
| 16 | (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene | 19945–61‐0 | 114.12 | 86.95 | 63.8 | 63.18 |
| 17 | β‐Bourbonene | 5208‐59‐3 | 132.18 | 93.4 | 203.5 | 193.31 |
| 18 | Bornyl acetate | 76–49‐3 | 260.42 | 194.85 | 197.73 | 322.24 |
| 19 | Citral | 5392‐40‐5 | 1986.47 | 1581.03 | 1638.64 | 1395.86 |
| 20 | α‐Zingiberene | 495–60‐3 | 3253.27 | 2664.3 | 2704.67 | 3220.23 |
| 21 | α‐Farnesene | 502–61‐4 | 278.89 | 233.45 | 283.32 | 270.91 |
| 22 | δ‐Elemene | 20307–84‐0 | 47.74 | 40.56 | 34.86 | 31.41 |
| 23 | Linalyl acetate | 115–95‐7 | 144.91 | 37.8 | 303.42 | 182.8 |
| 24 | Ledol | 577–27‐5 | 89.14 | 68.21 | 71.71 | 75.14 |
| 25 | Citrol | 624–15‐7 | 1980.36 | 1581.79 | 1641.02 | 1397.05 |
| 26 | (±)‐Menthone | 89–80‐5 | 3.44 | 7.05 | 2.6 | – |
| 27 | Terpinolene | 586–62‐9 | 289.72 | 226.34 | 175.73 | 221.65 |
| 28 | Bicyclogermacrene | 24703–35‐3 | 667.11 | 579.56 | 555.99 | 695.86 |
| 29 | Orthodene | 4889‐83‐2 | 1846.84 | 1532.08 | 1379.88 | 1775.84 |
| 30 | α‐Pinene | 3856‐25‐5 | 633.42 | 492.68 | 367.6 | 479.39 |
| 31 | (R)‐(+)‐beta‐citronellol | 1117‐61‐9 | 30.22 | 38.88 | 41.14 | 23.05 |
| 32 | α‐Pinene | 80–56‐8 | 1821.07 | 1430.75 | 1188.7 | 1528.11 |
| 33 | α‐Pyronene | 514–94‐3 | 120.93 | 83.41 | 50.62 | 73.04 |
| 34 | Neomenthoglycol | 3564‐95‐2 | 55.05 | 58.92 | 113.6 | 92.87 |
| 35 | α‐Curcumene | 644–30‐4 | 1399.35 | 1170.67 | 1293.95 | 1784.44 |
| 36 | (−)‐Isoledene | 95910–36‐4 | 404.04 | 319.24 | 273.75 | 329.15 |
| 37 | α‐Humulene | 6753‐98‐6 | 227.77 | 185.27 | 164.61 | 217.56 |
| 38 | 10‐Epizonarene | 41702–63‐0 | 736.63 | 636.42 | 701.23 | 767.01 |
| 39 | β‐Guaiene | 88–84‐6 | 1286.24 | 1054.51 | 1173.16 | 1122.38 |
| 40 | Myrcene | 123–35‐3 | 310.2 | 233.67 | 209.56 | 243.74 |
| 41 | β‐Sesquiterpenes | 20307–83‐9 | 1229.04 | 1032.52 | 1113.91 | 1367.85 |
| 42 | Dihydromyrcene | 2436‐90‐0 | 158.95 | 136 | 103.73 | 146.56 |
| 43 | Sabinene | 3387‐41‐5 | 759.64 | 546.62 | 350.58 | 487.13 |
| 44 | β‐Pinene | 127–91‐3 | 983.28 | 751.62 | 760.51 | 846.91 |
| 45 | Pseudolimonene | 499–97‐8 | 538.3 | 407.5 | 228.57 | 189.44 |
| 46 | Beta‐cubebene | 13744–15‐5 | 203.57 | 158.84 | 133.61 | 183.8 |
| 47 | Dextro, laevo‐borneol | 507–70‐0 | 588.01 | 550.6 | 382 | 602.58 |
| 48 | cis‐α‐Bisabolene | 29837–07‐8 | 1573.83 | 1346.01 | 1592.79 | 1545.98 |
| 49 | Limonene | 138–86‐3 | 522.93 | 453.05 | 346.05 | 551.4 |
| Total concent (μg/g) | 37,277.57 | 30,359.22 | 30,375.45 | 34,512.99 | ||
| Ester | ||||||
| 50 | (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl valerate | 35852–46‐1 | 141.22 | 59.53 | 66.73 | 60.61 |
| 51 | (E)‐benzyl tiglate | 37526–88‐8 | 2132.16 | 2143.67 | 2539.39 | 2482.48 |
| 52 | (Z)‐chrysanthenyl acetate | 67999–48‐8 | 130.84 | 169.25 | 165.56 | 217.04 |
| 53 | Geranyl isobutyrate | 2345‐26‐8 | 915.85 | 1165.57 | 1041.24 | 1089.15 |
| 54 | (1R,5S,7R)‐chrysanthenyl acetate | 50764–55‐1 | 129.50 | 52.22 | 57.85 | 52.37 |
| 55 | Benzyl formate | 104–57‐4 | 115.33 | 115.80 | 90.18 | 148.66 |
| 56 | Ethyl phenyl acetate | 101–97‐3 | 18.01 | 52.26 | 76.36 | 49.99 |
| 57 | Hexyl isovalerate | 10032–13‐0 | 21.84 | – | 37.63 | 17.58 |
| 58 | Octyl acetate | 112–14‐1 | 5.94 | – | 2.91 | – |
| 59 | Phenethyl acetate | 103–45‐7 | – | 5.04 | 4.92 | 6.56 |
| Total concent (μg/g) | 3610.69 | 3763.34 | 4082.77 | 4124.44 | ||
| Alcohol | ||||||
| 60 | 4‐Phenyl‐2‐butanol | 2344‐70‐9 | 10.21 | – | – | – |
| 61 | 2‐Butyl‐2‐octenal | 13019–16‐4 | 373.75 | 112.77 | 413.55 | 184.02 |
| 62 | 3‐Mercapto‐3‐methyl butanol | 34300–94‐2 | – | 6.09 | – | 8.66 |
| 63 | 3‐Methyl catechol | 488–17‐5 | 50.27 | 65.81 | 64.90 | 85.83 |
| 64 | 2,4‐Decadien‐1‐ol | 14507–02‐9 | 652.44 | 745.09 | 791.32 | 946.34 |
| 65 | Para‐cresyl alcohol | 589–18‐4 | 14.14 | 19.92 | 12.47 | 22.71 |
| 66 | Lilac pentanol | 10415–87‐9 | 200.12 | 123.39 | 197.53 | 166.75 |
| Total concent (μg/g) | 1300.93 | 1073.07 | 1479.77 | 1414.31 | ||
| Aldehyde | ||||||
| 67 | Perillaldehyde | 2111‐75‐3 | 71.09 | 87.75 | 88.94 | 112.19 |
| 68 | (E)‐2‐dodecenal | 20407–84‐5 | 14.68 | 18.26 | 19.61 | 21.45 |
| 69 | (Z)‐2‐decenal | 2497‐25‐8 | 240.68 | 47.78 | 406.22 | 195 |
| Total concent (μg/g) | 326.45 | 153.79 | 514.77 | 328.64 | ||
| Ketone | ||||||
| 70 | (E)‐filbertone | 102322–83‐8 | 86.76 | 97.54 | 62.27 | 140.39 |
| 71 | Para‐ethyl acetophenone | 937–30‐4 | – | 6.60 | 6.09 | 8.71 |
| 72 | 2‐Cyclopentyl cyclopentanone | 4884‐24‐6 | 687.47 | 840.13 | 854.73 | 1077.54 |
| Total concent (μg/g) | 774.23 | 944.27 | 923.09 | 1226.64 | ||
| Others | ||||||
| 73 | 5‐(Methyl thio) valeronitrile | 59,121–25‐4 | 16.14 | – | 7.50 | – |
| Total concent | 16.14 | – | 7.50 | – | ||
Note: –, could not be detected.