TABLE 3.
Association between demographic and clinical characteristics and risk of moderately severe or severe acute pancreatitis.
| Mild pancreatitis | Moderately severe/Severe pancreatitis | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Male | 686 (48) | 199 (58) | |
| Female | 740 (52) | 143 (42) | |
| Median age, years (IQR) | 56 (41–72) | 56.5 (41–73) | 0.642 |
| Age category, n (%) | 0.624 | ||
| <30 | 123 (9) | 31 (9) | |
| 30–40 | 196 (14) | 42 (12) | |
| 40–50 | 217 (15) | 53 (15) | |
| 50–60 | 272 (19) | 67 (20) | |
| 60–70 | 213 (15) | 50 (15) | |
| 70–80 | 220 (15) | 43 (13) | |
| >80 | 185 (13) | 56 (16) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Asian | 217 (16) | 95 (28) | |
| Black | 31 (2) | 14 (4) | |
| Caucasian | 1033 (74) | 217 (65) | |
| Other | 111 (8) | 10 (3) | |
| Aetiology, n (%) a | |||
| Biliary | 851 (60) | 190 (56) | 0.164 |
| Alcohol | 238 (17) | 94 (27) | <0.001 |
| Post ERCP | 47 (3) | 12 (4) | 0.867 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 42 (3) | 14 (4) | 0.301 |
| Other | 293 (21) | 52 (15) | 0.027 |
| Predicted severity at admission, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Mild AP | 923 (85) | 145 (51) | |
| Severe AP | 164 (15) | 137 (49) | |
| Median CCI‐score (IQR) | 1 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0.005 |
| CCI Category, n (%) | 0.016 | ||
| 0 | 481 (35) | 101 (30) | |
| 1–2 | 411 (29) | 85 (26) | |
| >2 | 496 (36) | 148 (44) | |
| Median pain severity at admission, NRS (IQR) | 7 (5–8) | 8 (6–9) | <0.001 |
| Pain duration prior to admission, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <12 h | 397 (28) | 70 (21) | |
| 12–24 h | 415 (30) | 83 (24) | |
| >24 h | 592 (42) | 186 (55) | |
| Timing of opioid treatment, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No opioids given during admission | 486 (34) | 79 (23) | |
| Administered on admission day | 819 (57) | 217 (64) | |
| Administered after admission day | 121 (9) | 46 (13) | |
| Opioid administered during admission, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No opioids | 486 (34) | 79 (23) | |
| Weak opioids | 239 (17) | 75 (22) | |
| Strong opioids | 701 (49) | 188 (55) | |
| Median duration of opioid treatment, days (IQR) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (1–7) | <0.001 |
a
A subset of patients had overlapping aetiological risk factors. Continuous variables were tested using Student's t‐test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, depending on normality. Categorical variables were tested using Chi‐squared test or Fischer's exact test in case of low numbers.