Table 2.
Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis of determinants of immunization defaulters among children aged 12–23 months in Ambo town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2021.
| Variable | Immunization status |
COR (95%CI) | P-Value |
AOR (95%CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Default N (%) | Complete N (%) | ||||||
| COR | AOR | ||||||
| Residence | Rural | 73 (68.9%) | 180 (85.7%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Urban | 33 (31.1%) | 30 (14.3%) | 0.369 (0.210,0.648) | <.001 | <.001 | 0.179 (0.057,0.565) | |
| Sex of the child | Male | 48 (45.3%) | 95 (45.2%) | 1 | |||
| Female | 58 (54.7%) | 115 (54.8%) | 1.164 (0.688,1.971) | .994 | |||
| Age of the child | 12–18 | 74 (69.8%) | 147 (70.0%) | 0.991 (0.596,1.649) | .973 | ||
| 19–23 | 32 (30.19%) | 63 (30% | 1 | ||||
| Child caretaker | Mother | 89 (84%) | 194 (92.4%) | 1 | |||
| Father | 8 (6.6%) | 7 (2.68%) | 2.180 (0.837,5.678) | .111 | <.001 | 0.288 (0.146,0.570) | |
| Grandparent | 9 (7.5%) | 9 (4.3%) | 0.875 (0.222,3.451) | .849 | .121 | 0.219 (0.021,0.521) | |
| Mother/caretaker age | ≤20 | 6 (5.66%) | 11 (5.24%) | 1 | . | ||
| 21–25 | 22 (20.8%) | 55 (26.2%) | 1.364 (0.449,4.141) | .584 | |||
| 26–30 | 37 (34.9%) | 87 (41.43%) | 1.283 (0.441,3.726 | .647 | |||
| 30–34 | 17 (18.02%) | 33 (15.71%) | 1.059 (0.033,3.358 | .923 | |||
| ≥35 | 24 (22.64%) | 24 (11.43%) | 0.545 (0.174,1.713 | .299 | |||
| Educational status | No formal education | 28 (26.4%) | 30 (14.29% | 0.286 (0.126,0.648) | .003 | .154 | 0.208 (0.024,1.801) |
| (1-8) | 34 (32.1%) | 75 (35.7%) | 0.588 (0.277,1.251) | .168 | .930 | 1.122 (0.085,14.754 | |
| (9-12) | 32 (30.2%) | 65 (31%) | 0.500 (0.232–1.078) | .077 | .434 | 0.444 (0.058,3.390) | |
| Certificate and Above | 12 (11.3%) | 45 (21.4%) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Occupation | Farmer | 8 (7.5%) | 37 (17.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Gov’t employee | 23 (21.7%) | 19 (9%) | 1.930 (0.837–4.450) | .123 | .003 | 0.179 (0.057,0.565)* | |
| Daily laborer | 27 (25.5%) | 39 (18.6%) | 0.345 (0.172,0.691 | .003. | .127 | 0.428 (0.144,1.273) | |
| Housewife | 48 (45.3%) | 115 (54.8%) | 0.603 (0.332–1.093) | .096 | .394 | 0.653 (0.245,1.740) | |
| Marital status | Married | 81 (76.4%) | 184 (87.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Single | 12 (11.3%) | 13 (6.2%) | 0.477 (0.209,1.090) | .079 | .412 | 1.6240 (.510,5.173) | |
| Divorced | 13 (12.3%) | 13 (6.2%) | 0.440 (0.195,0.992) | .048 | .486 | 1.726 (0.078,3.373) | |
| Religion | Orthodox | 43 (40.6%) | 78 (37.1%) | 0.816 (0.816,1.362) | .437 | ||
| Muslim | 18 (32.2%) | 32 (15.2%) | 0.800 (0.407,1.573) | .518 | |||
| Protestant | 45 (42.5%) | 100 (47.6%) | 1 | ||||
| Family member in the households | ≤3 | 14 (13.2%) | 69 (32.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4–5 | 68 (64.2%) | 93 (44.3%) | 0.277 (0.144,0.534) | .001 | .023 | 2.696 (1.143–6.358) | |
| ≥6 | 24 (22.6%) | 48 (22.9%) | 0.406 (0.191,0.863) | .019 | .320 | 0.714 (0.367,1.387) | |
| Total child born by mother | ≤3 | 85 (80.2%) | 168 (80%) | 1 | |||
| 4–5 | 10 (9.4%) | 22 (10.5%) | 1.113 (0.504,2.457) | .791 | |||
| ≥6 | 11 (10.4%) | 20 (9.5%) | 0.920 (0.421,2.008) | .834 | |||
| Preceding birth interval in months | ≤24 | 28 (26.42%) | 61 (29.05%) | 1 | . | ||
| 25–49 | 65 (61.32%) | 109 (51.9%) | 0.770 (0.447,1.324) | .345 | |||
| ≥49 | 13 (22.26%) | 53 (25.24%) | 1.412 (.654,3.048) | .379 | |||
| Average monthly income | ≤1000 (ETB) | 38 (35.8%) | 77 (36.7%) | 0.392 (0.189,0.814) | 1 | ||
| 1001–2000 ETB | 29 (27.36%) | 28 (13.33%) | 0.187 (0.083,0.419) | .012 | .002 | 0.223 (0.086,0.576) | |
| 2001–3000 ETB | 27 (25.47%) | 43 (20.47%) | 0.308 (0.141–0.675) | .003 | .004 | 0.250 (0.099,0.628) | |
| ≥3001 ETB | 12 (11.32%) | 62 (29.52%) | 1 | .001 | .015 | 0.345 (0.147,0.812) | |
| Attended ANC | No | 85 (80.2%) | 193 (91.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 21 (19.8%) | 17 (8.1%) | 2.805 (1.409,5.584) | .002 | <.001 | 0.237 (0.107,0.525) | |
| Received TT | Yes | 84 (79.25% | 184 (87.62%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 22 (20.75%) | (12.38%) | 0.563 (0.30,1.047) | .059 | 1.011 | 1.011 (0.335,3.050) | |
| Attended PNC | Yes | 73 (77.2%) | 157 (74.8%) | 1 | |||
| No | 33 (81.13%) | 53 (25.2%) | 0.747 (0.446,1.251) | .267 | |||
| Place of delivery | Home | 15 (14.2%) | 21 (10%) | 0.830 (0.393.1.754) | .626 | ||
| Hospital | 40 (37.7%) | 103 (49.0%) | 1.527 (0.923,2.526) | .990 | |||
| Health center | 51 (48.1%) | 86 (41%) | 1 | ||||
| Time taken to vaccination site | Less than 15 minute | 39 (36.8%) | 85 (40.5%) | 1 | |||
| 15–30 minutes | 45 (42.5%) | 91 (43.3%) | 1.410 (0.731,2.720) | .305 | |||
| 30-1 hour | 22 (20.8%) | 34 (16.2%) | 1.308 (0.687,2.492) | .413 | |||
| Awareness at which child to begins immunization | At delivery | 29 (14.06%) | 64 (30.48%) | 1 | |||
| Six week after delivery | 65 (61.32% | 141 (67.14%) | 1.103 (0.191,6.370) | .912 | |||
| Not sure/I do not know | 9 (8.49|%) | 6 (2.86% | 0.937 (0.174,5.435) | .975 | |||
| Awareness at age the child should complete immunization | I don’t know | 57 (53.77%) | 90 (42.86%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| At one year | 40 (38.68%) | 110 (52.38%) | 0.211 (0.021,2.079 | .183 | .0.476 | 1.241 (0.685,2.247) | |
| After one year | 5 (3.77%) | 10 (4.76% | 1.583 (0.474,5.289 | .455 | .041 | 0.070 (0.005,0.308 | |
| Do you know at what age to begin immunization? | Yes | 79 (74.53%) | 141 (67.14%) | 1 | |||
| No | 27 (25.47%) | 69 (32.86%) | 1.070 (0.872,1.313) | .520 | |||
| Do children grow well with no need for immunization? | Yes | 92 (86.79% | 178 (84.76%) | 1 | |||
| No | 14 (13.21%) | 32.15.24%) | 1.181 (0.601,2.324) | .630 | |||
| Immunizations are harmful for your child? | Yes | 88 (83.02%) | 185 (88.1%) | 1 | |||
| No | 18 (16.98%0 | 25 (11.9%) | 0.995 (0.765,1.295) | .972 | |||
| Do childhood vaccinations prevent life-threatening diseases? | Yes | 92 (86.79%) | 170 (80.95%) | 1 | |||
| No | 14 (13.21 | 40 (19.05%) | 0.922 (0.734,1.159) | .489 | |||
| Are multiple immunizations on the same visit unsafe? | Yes | 68 (64.15%) | 132 (62.86%) | 1 | |||
| No | 38 (35.85%) | 48. (22.86%) | 1.267 (1.012,1.588) | .338 | |||
| Do vaccinations cause health problems for children? | Yes | 6 (5.66%) | 26 (13.38%) | 1 | |||
| No | 100 (94.34%) | 184 (8.62%) | 2.355 (0.938,5.912) | .680 | |||
CI (Confidence Interval), COR (Crude Odds Ratio), AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio), 1 = Reference.