Table 2.
Metabiotics related with microorganism and their immunomodulation and anticancer properties.
| Components | Microorganism | Health functional properties | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immunomodulation | |||
| Capsular polysaccharides | Bacillus fragilis | Help innate and adaptive immunomodulation | [53] |
| Folate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate |
Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum |
Regulation of immunity through inhibition of histone deacetylases and histone acetylation | [49] |
| Lipoteichoic acid | Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5 | Anti-inflammatory effect by regulation the nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) signaling | [8] |
| Polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex | Lactobacillus casei | Inhibition of IL-6 synthesis by inhibiting NF-κB | [74] |
| Anticancer | |||
| Bacteriocin |
Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium |
Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth (gastric cancer) | [53] |
| Butyrate | Lactobacillus plantarum | Anti-proliferative and apoptosis (colorectal cancer) | [76] |
| Cell-free supernatant | Lactobacillus acidophilus 36YL | Cytotoxic effects in HT-29 and HeLa cell lines (colorectal cancer and cervical cancer) | [78] |
| Bacillus adolescentis SPM0212 | Inhibition of cancer cell growth (colorectal cancer) | [53] | |
| Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Preventing of skin cancer development | [49] |
| Peptide | Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 3856 | Modification of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (colorectal cancer) | [77] |
| SCFAs | Propionibacterium freudenreichii, | Apoptosis or necrosis against gastric cancer | [53] |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus MD14 | Preventing of colorectal cancer by targeting on the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway (colorectal cancer) | [9] | |
SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids.