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. 2024 Mar 21;16(4):723–754. doi: 10.1038/s44321-024-00057-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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Figure EV4 — (A) The schematic depicts the experimental design. To evaluate LS development of PfLARC2 in FRG NOD huHep mice, three million aseptic, cryopreserved sporozoites of either PfSPZ-WT or PfSPZ-LARC2 were injected intravenously into two FRG NOD huHep mice per group, respectively. Livers were harvested on days 6 and 7 post infection, fixed and liver tissue sections used for IFA analysis. LS development of PfSPZ-LARC2 was compared to PfSPZ-WT using antibodies against (B), the PPM and cytomere marker, CSP and the PVM marker, Exp1 on day six liver sections, (C) parasite mitochondrial protein, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70, green), apicoplast protein, ACP (red) on day 7 liver sections. DNA is stained with DAPI. In (B) and (C), scale bar is 20 µm. Defective cytomeres were evident on day six PfSPZ-LARC2 LS compared to PfSPZ-WT, where CSP staining was localized to invaginating PPM. PfSPZ-LARC2 LS also displayed incomplete organellar and DNA segregation.