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. 2024 Mar 21;16(4):723–754. doi: 10.1038/s44321-024-00057-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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Figure EV1 — (A) Experimental schematics for (B–E). Nine C57BL/6 mice were immunized three times with 50,000 PyLARC2 sporozoites 1 month apart. Five mock immunized mice received mosquito debris from uninfected salivary glands as a control. Mice were euthanized at 2 months after the last immunization and the livers and spleens were collected for T cell analysis via flow cytometry. (B) (i) frequencies and (ii) the total number of antigen experienced CD8⁺ memory T cells (CD44^hi) in the livers of mock or PyLARC2 immunized mice. (C) (i) frequencies, (ii) total number, and (iii) representative flow layout of CD69^hiCXCR6^hiliver-resident memory CD8⁺ T cells (T_RM) (gated on CD44^hiCD8α⁺ singlet events). (D) Frequencies and a representative flow layout of CD11a^hiCD44^hi CD8⁺ T cells in the liver. (E) (i) frequencies, (ii) total number, and (iii) representative flow layout of CD44^hiCD62L^lo CD8⁺ effector memory T cells (T_EM) in the spleen. Data is shown as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was done using non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. P values are indicated in the figure. P > 0.05 is taken as not significant.