Table 6.
Summary of studies regarding SP using USP-SPS in TS and/or OCD patients.
| Reference | Patients (n) | Mean age | Comorbidities | USP-SPS Total Score | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosario et al. (26) | 76 OCD | 35.4 | -Tics (21.1%) | 5.5 (SD = 4.6) | SP were present in 67.1% of patients. There were no significant differences in the presence of SP according to comorbidity with tics. |
| Lee et al. (27) | 37 OCD | 37 | -Tic disorders (20%) -OCPD (35%) |
n.a. | The frequency of any kind of SP was significantly higher in OCD patients (67.6%) when compared to controls (35.1%). |
| Sutherland Owens et al. (37) | 18 TS | 9 adults (25.5) 9 children (13.2) |
-OCD (50%) -ADHD (11.1%) |
8.5 (SD = 3.7) | Statistically significant positive correlation between USP-SPS and PUTS total scores. |
| Gomes de Alvarenga et al. (29) | 813 OCD | 34.9 | -Tic disorders (29.0%) -Mood disorders (70.7%) -Anxiety disorders (33.8%) -ADHD (16.1%) -Impulsive control disorders (37.3%) -Body dysmorphic disorders (11.9%) -Others |
37.08 | SP were reported by 72% of the entire sample. Compared to OCD patients without comorbid tics, OCD patients with comorbid tic disorders were more likely to present SP. |
| Ferrão et al. (28) | 1001 OCD | 34.85 | -TS (8.8%) -CTD (13.7%) -Trichotillomania (4.5%) -Skin picking (15.4%) |
7.7 (SD = 3.49) | 651 (65.0%) subjects reported at least one type of SP preceding the repetitive behaviours. The presence of SP was associated with comorbid TS, and a family history of tic disorders. |
| Shavitt et al. (31) | 1001 OCD | 34.85 | -TS (9%) -CTD (15.4%) -Mood disorders (42.6%) -Anxiety disorders (65%) -Impulse control disorders (30.8%) -ADHD (12.7%) -Others |
4.88 (SD = 4.63) | Most OCD patients endorsed SP (60.4%). OCD + TS and OCD + CTD endorsed SP significantly more frequently than OCD patients without tics. |
| Sampaio et al. (30) | 60 OCD and/or TS | 18.98 | -OCD (91.7%) -TS (26.7%) -CTD (5%) |
n.a. | The prevalence of SP in total sample was 88.5%. SP were presented in 89.1% of OCD sample, and 100% of TS and CTD sample. |
| Subirà et al. (33) | 106 OCD | 33.11 | n.a. | 8.4 (SD = 3.5) | Patients with SP (67%) showed grey matter volume increases in the left sensorimotor cortex in comparison to Patients without SP and bilateral sensorimotor cortex grey matter volume increases in comparison to controls. |
| Kano et al. (32) | 41 TS | 23.1 | -OCD (20%) | 6.4 (SD = 3.1) | The PUTS total score had significant correlations with the USP-SPS total score. USP-SPS and PUTS total scores were significantly correlated with YGTSS total scores and DY-BOCS total scores. |
| de Avila et al. (34) | 272 OCD | Poor insight (n= 124, median 35.5), Good insight (n=148, median 32) |
-Tics (median 34 in poor insight, 41 in good insight); -TS (median 10 in poor insight, 9 in good insight); -ADHD (median 22 in poor insight, 14 in good insight); -Others |
9 (median) | Individuals affected by OCD in the poor insight group presented more prevalent SP compared to those with good insight. |
| Kano et al. (35) | 20 TS | 30.2 | -OCD (30%) -ADHD (20%) |
5.0 (SD = 3.2) | Current USP-SPS total scores were significantly correlated with current YGTSS global severity scores. Both current USP-SPS total scores and PUTS total scores were significantly correlated with current CY-BOCS total scores. |
| Vellozo et al. (36) | 1001 OCD | 34.8 | -TS (8.8%) -Tic disorders (28.4%) -ADHD (13.7%) -Mood disorders (60.8%) -Anxiety disorders (69.8%) -Others |
4.9 (SD = 4.6) | The OCD group with symmetry symptoms presented higher frequency and severity of SP. |
SP, sensory phenomena; USP-SPS, University of Sao Paulo’s Sensory Phenomena Scale; TS, Tourette Syndrome; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; SD, standard deviation; OCPD, Obsessive compulsive personality disorder; ADHD, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; PUTS, Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale; CTD, Chronic tic disorders; n.a., not available; DY-BOCS, Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; CY-BOCS, Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Children.