TABLE 3.

Objectives and related outcomes of reviewed articles.

Theme	Study	Objective	Outcomes
Screening	Peters et al. (2013)	To describe screening for co-morbid conditions among PLWH	Screening should include diagnostic test on ART initiation and routinely; be from younger age; include ART and HIV risks and include routine diagnostic test
	Lazar et al. (2019)	To determine testing frequencies of comorbid conditions among PLWH and factors associated with testing	Screening should include ART-specific risks
	Da Cunha et al. (2020)	To assess prevalence and risks among people living with HIV	Screening should include ART exposure to adverse effects of ART
	Nanditha et al. (2021)	To compare prevalence and trends and age of onset of comorbidities among PLWH	Screening should commence at a younger age
	Sarfo et al. (2021)	To assess prevalence of prediabetes and overt type 2 diabetes among PLWH	Screening should commence at a younger age Screening should include diagnostic test
Health education	Farahat et al. (2020)	To assess prevalence and risks associated with type 2 diabetes	To provide health education on physical activity and diet among older PLWH
	Duncan et al. (2020)	To assess effectiveness and acceptability of a physical activity and diet modification for type 2 diabetes reduction	A modified STOP diabetes diet and walking 10 000 steps daily reduce type 2 diabetes
	Malindisa et al. (2023)	To assess dietary patterns and association with development of type 2 diabetes	A carbohydrate rich diet is associated with type 2 diabetes
	WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour (2020)	To provide recommendations for physical activity	Frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity among older people with chronic illness
Pharmacological interventions	Isnard et al. (2020)	To assess whether metformin can benefit PLWH	Metformin decreased weight in PLWH
	Nimitphong et al. (2022)	To assess efficacy of metformin in reducing diabetes among PLWH	Metformin reduced weight, HbA1c and insulin resistance among PLWH
	Garrib et al. (2023)	To determine the effect of metformin on PLWH with prediabetes	Metformin reduces blood glucose levels among PLWH

PLWH, people living with HIV; ART, antiretroviral therapy.