Table 1:
Characteristics of patients with confirmed MDR tuberculosis
| Number of patients per country (%) | Total (n=1278) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia (n=46) |
Latvia (n=100) |
Peru (n=177) |
Philippines (n=397) |
Russia (n=115) |
South Africa (n=293) |
South Korea (n=99) |
Thailand (n=51) |
||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 36 (78·3%) | 70 (70·0%) | 104 (58·8%) | 241 (60·7%) | 96 (83·5%) | 163 (55·6%) | 76 (76·8%) | 33 (64·7%) | 819 (64·1%) |
| Female | 10 (21·7%) | 30 (30·0%) | 73 (41·2%) | 156 (39·3%) | 19 (16·5%) | 130 (44·4%) | 23 (23·2%) | 18 (35·3%) | 459 (35·9%) |
| Age group (years) | |||||||||
| 18–24 | 2 (4·4%) | 2 (2·0%) | 67 (37·9%) | 55 (13·9%) | 14 (12·2%) | 39 (13·3%) | 7 (7·1%) | 4 (7·8%) | 190 (14·9%) |
| 25–44 | 19 (41·3%) | 47 (47·0%) | 89 (50·3%) | 210 (52·9%) | 57 (49·6%) | 191 (65·2%) | 51 (51·5%) | 25 (49·0%) | 689 (53·9%) |
| 45–64 | 22 (47·8%) | 46 (46·0%) | 16 (9·0%) | 128 (32·2%) | 37 (32·2%) | 63 (21·5%) | 35 (35·4%) | 19 (37·3%) | 366 (28·6%) |
| ≥65 | 3 (6·5%) | 5 (5·0%) | 5 (2·8%) | 4 (1·0%) | 7 (6·1%) | 0 | 6 (6·1%) | 3 (5·9%) | 33 (2·6%) |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Never married | 13 (28·3%) | 25 (25·0%) | 99 (55·9%) | 111 (28·0%) | 30 (26·1%) | 166 (56·7%) | 15 (15·2%) | 7 (13·7%) | 466 (36·5%) |
| Currently married or cohabitating | 17 (36·9%) | 40 (40·0%) | 59 (33·3%) | 255 (64·2%) | 45 (39·1%) | 64 (21·8%) | 23 (23·2%) | 38 (74·5%) | 541 (42·3%) |
| Previously married | 15 (32·6%) | 35 (35·0%) | 18 (10·2%) | 31 (7·8%) | 39 (33·9%) | 17 (5·8%) | 7 (7·1%) | 6 (11·8%) | 168 (13·1%) |
| Data missing | 1 (2·2%) | 0 | 1 (0·6%) | 0 | 1 (0·9%) | 46 (15·7%) | 54 (54·6%) | 0 | 103 (8·1%) |
| Education | |||||||||
| Primary or less | 15 (32·6%) | 19 (19·0%) | 17 (9·6%) | 67 (16·9%) | 17 (14·8%) | 91 (31·1%) | 24 (24·2%) | 37 (72·6%) | 287 (22·5%) |
| Secondary | 13 (28·3%) | 41 (41·0%) | 110 (62·2%) | 164 (41·3%) | 48 (41·7%) | 115 (39·3%) | 46 (46·5%) | 9 (17·7%) | 546 (42·7%) |
| Postsecondary | 18 (39·1%) | 40 (40·0%) | 50 (28·2%) | 166 (41·8%) | 50 (43·5%) | 11 (3·8%) | 29 (29·3%) | 5 (9·8%) | 369 (28·9%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 (25·9%) | 0 | 0 | 76 (6·0%) |
| Occupational risk | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 (6·52%) | 4 (4·0%) | 9 (5·08%) | 11 (2·8%) | 7 (6·1%) | 18 (6·1%) | 0 | 3 (5·9%) | 55 (4·3%) |
| No | 41 (89·1%) | 96 (96·0%) | 167 (94·4%) | 386 (97·2%) | 108 (93·9%) | 208 (71%) | 48 (48·5%) | 48 (94·1%) | 1102 (86·2%) |
| Data missing | 2 (4·35%) | 0 | 1 (0·56%) | 0 | 0 | 67 (22·9%) | 51 (51·5%) | 0 | 121 (9·5%) |
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Employed | 13 (28·3%) | 35 (35·0%) | 51 (28·8%) | 274 (69·0%) | 27 (23·5%) | 71 (24·2%) | 67 (67·7%) | 43 (84·3%) | 581 (45·5%) |
| Unemployed | 19 (41·3%) | 47 (47·0%) | 75 (42·4%) | 67 (16·9%) | 60 (52·2%) | 198 (67·6%) | 23 (23·2%) | 8 (15·7%) | 497 (38·9%) |
| Other | 14 (30·4%) | 18 (18·0%) | 50 (28·2%) | 56 (14·1%) | 28 (24·3%) | 20 (6·8%) | 8 (8·1%) | 0 | 194 (15·2%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | 1 (0·6%) | 0 | 0 | 4 (1·4%) | 1 (1·0%) | 0 | 6 (0·5%) |
| History of imprisonment | |||||||||
| Yes | 8 (17·4%) | 20 (20·0%) | 6 (3·4%) | 7 (1·8%) | 30 (26·1%) | 16 (5·5%) | 1 (1·0%) | 6 (11·8%) | 94 (7·4%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | 7 (4·0%) | 2 (0·5%) | 0 | 138 (47·1%) | 51 (51·5%) | 0 | 198 (15·5%) |
| History of homelessness | |||||||||
| Yes | 8 (17·4%) | 12 (12·0%) | 2 (1·1%) | 4 (1·0%) | 5 (4·4%) | 5 (1·7%) | 0 | 0 | 36 (2·8%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0·5%) | 0 | 100 (34·1%) | 51 (51·5%) | 0 | 153 (12·0%) |
| Alcohol abuse | |||||||||
| Yes | 28 (60·9%) | 64 (64·0%) | 11 (6·2%) | 11 (2·8%) | 38 (33·0%) | 45 (15·4%) | 13 (13·1%) | 3 (5·9%) | 213 (16·7%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | 2 (1·1%) | 1 (0·3%) | 0 | 55 (18·8%) | 1 (1·0%) | 0 | 59 (4·6%) |
| Current smoker | |||||||||
| Yes | 40 (87·0%) | 70 (70·0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (2·3%) | 94 (81·7%) | 52 (17·8%) | 36 (36·4%) | 6 (11·8%) | 307 (24·0%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 1 (1·0%) | 1 (0·6%) | 1 (0·3%) | 0 | 14 (4·8%) | 0 | 0 | 17 (1·3%) |
| HIV infection | |||||||||
| Yes | 2 (4·4%) | 3 (3·0%) | 6 (3·4%) | 0 | 5 (4·4%) | 145 (49·5%) | 0 | 7 (13·7%) | 168 (13·2%) |
| Unknown or data missing | 2 (4·4%) | 0 | 0 | 396 (99·8%) | 0 | 24 (8·2%) | 45 (45·5%) | 1 (2·0%) | 468 (36·6%) |
| Diabetes | |||||||||
| Yes | 4 (8·7%) | 2 (2·0%) | 7 (4·0%) | 104 (26·2%) | 9 (7·8%) | 11 (3·8%) | 15 (15·2%) | 10 (19·6%) | 162 (12·7%) |
| Unknown or data missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (1·4%) | 1 (1·0%) | 0 | 5 (0·4%) |
| Contact of tuberculosis case | |||||||||
| Yes | 18 (39·1%) | 30 (30·0%) | 102 (57·6%) | 239 (60·2%) | 50 (43·5%) | 117 (39·9%) | 25 (25·3%) | 17 (33·3%) | 598 (46·8%) |
| Unknown | 13 (28·3%) | 2 (2·0%) | 0 | 21 (5·3%) | 7 (6·1%) | 83 (28·3%) | 0 | 22 (43·1%) | 148 (11·6%) |
| Contact of MDR tuberculosis case | |||||||||
| Yes | 11 (23·9%) | 28 (28·0%) | 41 (23·2%) | 56 (14·1%) | 20 (17·4%) | 26 (8·9%) | 3 (3·03%) | 2 (3·9%) | 187 (14·6%) |
| Data missing | 16 (34·8%) | 2 (2·0%) | 19 (10·7%) | 123 (31·0%) | 30 (26·1%) | 157 (53·6%) | 52 (52·5%) | 38 (74·5%) | 437 (34·2%) |
| History of tuberculosis | |||||||||
| Yes | 22 (47·8%) | 78 (78·0%) | 166 (93·8%) | 397 (100%) | 106 (92·2%) | 281 (95·9%) | 98 (99·0%) | 51 (100·0%) | 1199 (93·8%) |
| Number of episodes | |||||||||
| 0 | 24 (52·2%) | 22 (22·0%) | 11 (6·21%) | 0 | 9 (7·8%) | 12 (4·1%) | 1 (1·0%) | 0 | 79 (6·2%) |
| 1 | 16 (34·8%) | 54 (54·0%) | 103 (58·2%) | 22 (5·5%) | 73 (63·5%) | 145 (49·5%) | 15 (15·2%) | 18 (35·3%) | 446 (34·9%) |
| 2 | 4 (8·7%) | 22 (22·0%) | 45 (25·4%) | 153 (38·5%) | 24 (20·9%) | 98 (33·5%) | 30 (30·3%) | 24 (47·1%) | 400 (31·3%) |
| 3 | 2 (4·4%) | 2 (2·0%) | 17 (9·6%) | 128 (32·2%) | 5 (4·4%) | 30 (10·2%) | 22 (22·2%) | 9 (17·7%) | 215 (16·8%) |
| ≥24 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0·6%) | 94 (23·7%) | 4 (3·5%) | 8 (2·7%) | 31 (31·3%) | 0 | 138 (10·8%) |
| Treatment | |||||||||
| First-line drugs | 20 (43·5%) | 76 (76·0%) | 165 (93·2%) | 397 (100·0%) | 105 (91·3%) | 281 (95·9%) | 91 (91·9%) | 51 (100·0%) | 1186 (92·8%) |
| Second-line drugs | 8 (17·4%) | 21 (21·0%) | 21 (11·9%) | 54 (13·6%) | 27 (23·5%) | 8 (2·7%) | 53 (53·5%) | 3 (5·9%) | 195 (15·3%) |
| Fluoroquinolones* | 4 (8·7%) | 14 (14·0%) | 21 (11·9%) | 53 (13·4%) | 19 (16·5%) | 8 (2·7%) | 44 (44·4%) | 3 (5·9%) | 166 (13·0%) |
| Second-line injectable drugs | 4 (8·7%) | 18 (18·0%) | 19 (10·7%) | 8 (2·0%) | 20 (17·4%) | 8 (2·7%) | 21 (21·2%) | 1 (2·0%) | 99 (7·8%) |
| Other oral second-line drugs | 7 (15·2%) | 16 (16·0%) | 20 (11·3%) | 2 (0·5%) | 20 (17·4%) | 8 (2·7%) | 51 (51·5%) | 1 (2·0%) | 125 (9·8%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1·0%) | 0 | 1 (0·1%) |
| First treatment for MDR tuberculosis | |||||||||
| Yes | 39 (84·8%) | 88 (88·0%) | 157 (88·7%) | 391 (98·5%) | 109 (94·8%) | 282 (96·3%) | 33 (33·3%) | 50 (98·0%) | 1149 (89·9%) |
| Data missing | 1 (2·2%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1·7%) | 0 | 52 (52·5%) | 0 | 55 (4·3%) |
| In hospital at enrolment | |||||||||
| Yes | 38 (82·6%) | 100 (100·0%) | 1 (0·6%) | 57 (14·4%) | 114 (99·1%) | 293 (100·0%) | 51 (51·5%) | 5 (9·8%) | 659 (51·6%) |
| Cavitary disease on chest radiograph | |||||||||
| Yes, unilateral | 26 (56·5%) | 55 (55·0%) | 60 (33·9%) | 125 (31·5%) | 62 (53·9%) | 113 (38·6%) | 22 (22·2%) | 22 (43·1%) | 485 (38·0%) |
| Yes, bilateral | 14 (30·4%) | 35 (35·0%) | 19 (10·7%) | 74 (18·6%) | 27 (23·5%) | 79 (27·0%) | 10 (10·1%) | 12 (23·5%) | 270 (21·2) |
| Unknown or data missing | 0 | 0 | 15 (8·5%) | 7 (1·8%) | 0 | 0 | 41 (41·4%) | 0 | 63 (4·9%) |
| Positive sputum-smear test at enrolment | |||||||||
| Yes | 34 (73·9%) | 75 (75·0%) | 116 (65·5%) | 380 (95·7%) | 68 (59·1%) | 282 (96·3%) | 85 (85·9%) | 44 (86·3%) | 1084 (84·8%) |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | 31 (17·5%) | 1 (0·3%) | 0 | 1 (0·3%) | 1 (1·0%) | 2 (3·9%) | 36 (2·8%) |
MDR=multidrug-resistant. *Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.