Table 3:
Risk factors for resistance to fluoroquinolones at baseline*
| Weighted frequency of resistance† |
Weighted percentage for resistance (95% CI)† |
p value | Risk ratio (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green Light Committee approval | ||||
| Yes | 191 | 12·0 (9·4–14·5) | 0·01 | 0·68 (0·50–0·91) |
| No | 183 | 17·8 (13·9–21·6) | .. | .. |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 202 | 12·0 (9·6–14·5) | 0·0072 | 0·66 (0·49–0·89) |
| Female | 172 | 18·2 (14·2–22·3) | .. | .. |
| History of imprisonment | ||||
| Yes | 28 | 12·1 (5·0–19·2) | 0·80 | 0·92 (0·50–1·71) |
| No | 248 | 13·1 (10·6–15·5) | .. | .. |
| Unemployed | ||||
| Yes | 167 | 14·6 (11·1–18·0) | 0·49 | 1·13 (0·80–1·58) |
| No | 140 | 12·9 (9·8–16·1) | .. | .. |
| Current alcohol abuse | ||||
| Yes | 87 | 14·9 (9·6–20·2) | 0·49 | 1·15 (0·77–1·71) |
| No | 242 | 13·0 (10·7–15·3) | .. | .. |
| Current tobacco use | ||||
| Yes | 131 | 16·5 (12·1–21·0) | 0·09 | 1·33 (0·96–1·85) |
| No | 222 | 12·4 (10·1–14·8) | .. | .. |
| HIV infection | ||||
| Yes | 42 | 10·0 (5·2–14·8) | 0·03 | 0·57 (0·34–0·96) |
| No | 264 | 17·5 (14·3–20·8) | .. | .. |
| First time treated for MDR tuberculosis | ||||
| No | 62 | 37·0 (24·6–49·4) | <0·0001 | 3·33 (2·27–4·89) |
| Yes | 256 | 11·1 (9·1–13·1) | .. | .. |
| In hospital at enrolment | ||||
| Yes | 291 | 16·9 (13·9–20·0) | <0·0001 | 1·84 (1·35–2·50) |
| No | 83 | 9·2 (6·9–11·5) | .. | .. |
| Pulmonary radiographic abnormality | ||||
| Unilateral | 60 | 13·4 (8·5–18·3) | 0·64 | 0·91 (0·61–1·36) |
| Bilateral | 314 | 14·7 (12·3–17·2) | .. | .. |
| Cavitary disease on chest radiograph | ||||
| Unilateral | 159 | 15·3 (11·7–18·9) | 0·12 | 1·34 (0·92–1·95) |
| Bilateral | 71 | 11·9 (7·6–16·2) | 0·85 | 1·04 (0·66–1·67) |
| No cavity | 95 | 11·4 (8·1–14·7) | .. | .. |
| Sputum-smear test results at enrolment | ||||
| Positive | 302 | 13·6 (11·3–15·8) | 0·08 | 0·68 (0·45–1·3) |
| Negative | 66 | 19·9 (12·3–27·4) | .. | .. |
| Previous treatment with second-line injectable drugs | ||||
| Yes | 100 | 40·8 (30·1–51·4) | <0·0001 | 3·68 (2·67–5·07) |
| No | 240 | 11·1 (9·0–13·1) | .. | .. |
| Previous treatment with fluoroquinolones | ||||
| Yes | 134 | 38·7 (30·5–46·9) | <0·0001 | 3·89 (2·89–5·23) |
| No | 205 | 10·0 (7·9–12·0) | .. | .. |
| Previous treatment with another oral second-line drug | ||||
| Yes | 108 | 35·8 (26·7–44·9) | <0·0001 | 3·27 (2·38–4·49) |
| No | 231 | 11·0 (8·9–13·1) | .. | .. |
| Previous treatment with a third-line drug | ||||
| Yes | 32 | 62·6 (41·7–83·5 | <0·0001 | 4–81 (3·31–6·98) |
| No | 307 | 13·0 (10·8–15·2) | .. | .. |
MDR=multidrug-resistan. *Age, marital status, education, occupation risk, homelessness, contact with a tuberculosis or MDR tuberculosis patient, previous surgery for tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, and comorbidities were not significantly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (p>0·1; data not shown). †Site-specific sampling weights were calculated as the total number of eligible cases during the enrolment period divided by the number of patients enrolled.