Table 4.

Articles evaluating the OHA operationalization process to address zoonoses.

Reference	Study design	Method of evaluation	Specific disease	Scale	Outcomes
[31]	Literature review: comparative, retrospective case study	Applied the Network for Evaluation of One Health Framework to quantitatively analyze OH implementation by scoring operations and infrastructures, e.g., to support sharing and learning, from zero to one (0 = no integration, 1 = strong integration of OH).	Brucellosis	National: Serbia & Malta	Context and timing are key to determine how, when, and why OHA should be applied.
[40]	Review article/ position paper	Review of the writers' experiences with participatory methods in veterinary research projects with a focus on zoonoses and OH projects.	No	N/A	Identifies areas for improvement in the operationalization of participatory epidemiology in veterinary and OH research: using a more qualitative approach for engaging with communities, mapping power structures in working areas, and being aware of people's roles when using participatory methods.
[12]	Literature review	Performed literature survey on history of major pandemics, OH approach, challenges for implementing OH, and frameworks for implementing the OH approach to prevent future outbreaks.	No	Global	Open data sharing, open science, and international collaboration are required within an OHA to prevent/address future pandemics.
[43]	Position paper	Demonstrates lessons learnt from tripartite programmes. Evaluates frameworks which aim to strengthen OH capacity in countries.	No	National: unspecified	Tripartite evaluation frameworks can enable countries to cross map sectoral needs and create a shared vision for multisectoral coordination.
[32]	Opinion paper	Applies philosophical and qualitative methods to map scientific, ethical, and political responses to emerging infectious diseases in Australia.	No	National: Australia	Effective responses to Emerging Infectious Diseases require all socio-political, ethical, and legal implications to be articulated, publicly debated, and resolved in advance.
[41]	Literature review	Systematic literature review on peer reviewed articles in which the OH approach is used to assess programmes and policies related to brucellosis.	Brucellosis	Global/ national	Success of OH programmes is dependent on the willingness of decision-makers and on integration among stakeholders and experts.
[42]	Cross-sectional	Survey among public health and veterinary experts from different Francophone countries on their experience with the OH approach related to zoonotic neglected tropical diseases, followed by two workshops: one on scientific aspects and one on operational aspects.	No	Global: Focus on francophone countries	Difficulties when implementing an OHA relate to connecting health sectors, obtaining dedicated funding, and consistent political support. Advocacy and capacity building are essential for multiplying the benefits of OHA.