TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics—hepatology versus controls
| Hepatology | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD) Median (IQR) N (%) |
N | Mean (SD) Median (IQR) N (%) |
p | |
| Year of treatment a | 87 | 2020.0 (1.16) | 44 | 2019.0 (1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Before April 2020 b | 87 | 46 (53) | 44 | 32 (73) | 0.029 |
| Sex, male b | 87 | 60 (69) | 44 | 29 (66) | 0.72 |
| White race b | 87 | 44 (51) | 44 | 21 (48) | 0.76 |
| Age a | 87 | 47.0 (11.6) | 44 | 47.0 (11.1) | 0.99 |
| Frequencies of alcohol consumption | |||||
| Age at first drink c | 87 | 14.3 (4.6) 15 (12–17) |
43 | 15.0 (5.2) 15 (13–16) |
0.43 0.79 |
| Average drink per day c | 87 | 15.8 (7.3) 15.2 (11.0–18.8) |
42 | 12.5 (7.0) 10.9 (7.5–16.1) |
0.017 0.0051 |
| Drinks per 30 d c | 87 | 384 (252) 339 (187–499) |
42 | 330 (229) 268 (191–420) |
0.24 0.21 |
| Heavy-drinking days in last 90 d c | 87 | 67.5 (26.1) 78 (45–90) |
42 | 72.4 (23.5) 86 (48–90) |
0.31 0.28 |
| Heavy-drinking years c | 86 | 17.2 (11.2) 14.5 (8.8–25) |
43 | 14.7 (9.7) 13.0 (1.9–21.5) |
0.21 0.29 |
| Number of drinking days in last 90 d c | 87 | 69.7 (24.3) 81 (56–90) |
42 | 76.0 (20.9) 89 (72–90) |
0.15 0.14 |
| Total lifetime number of drinks (thousands) c | 86 | 74.9 (64.3) 60.4 (31.4–95.2) |
43 | 65.6 (61.0) 50.5 (30.0–77.7) |
0.43 0.32 |
| Total lifetime drink c (kg) | 86 | 1049 (900) 846 (440–1333) |
43 | 918 (854) 707 (420–1088) |
0.43 0.32 |
| Day 1 lab values | |||||
| Total bilirubin a | 87 | 0.69 (0.90) | 44 | 0.59 (0.49) | 0.45 |
| GGT c | 87 | 178 (342) 77 (44–168) |
44 | 202 (251) 82 (44–288) |
0.65 0.57 |
| MCV a | 87 | 93.8 (5.94) | 43 | 94.2 (7.03) | 0.74 |
| Platelet count a | 86 | 226 (83.0) | 43 | 215 (71.3) | 0.45 |
| ALT c | 87 | 44.7 (35.4) 34 (23–57) |
44 | 53.8 (55.1) 35 (21–62) |
0.32 0.77 |
| AST c | 87 | 60.9 (52.0) 39 (24–82) |
44 | 61.9 (52.8) 42 (24–48) |
0.92 0.95 |
| Day 21 lab values | |||||
| Total bilirubin a | 83 | 0.45 (0.78) | 27 | 0.39 (0.25) | 0.55 |
| GGT c | 83 | 77.1 (94.2) 48 (30–79) |
27 | 119 (125) 54 (40–168) |
0.067 0.13 |
| MCV a | 75 | 94.0 (5.45) | 23 | 95.3 (5.81) | 0.33 |
| Platelet count a | 75 | 266 (78.0) | 23 | 276 (93.4) | 0.59 |
| ALT c | 83 | 29.1 (15.2) 34 (23–57) |
26 | 68.9 (142) 32 (19–53) |
0.17 0.11 |
| AST c | 83 | 26.1 (13.6) 39 (24–82) |
26 | 48.7 (79.5) 25 (21–40) |
0.16 0.13 |
| Baseline AUDIT | |||||
| Q1. How often have a drink containing alcohol? | 87 | 3.83 (0.58) 4 (4–4) |
43 | 3.72 (0.80) 4 (4–4) |
0.44 0.35 |
| Q2. How many standard drinks a typical day? | 87 | 3.38 (1.00) 4 (3–4) |
43 | 3.02 (1.08) 3 (2–4) |
0.066 0.033 |
| Q3. How often ≥6 drinks on one occasion? | 87 | 3.58 (0.77) 4 (3–4) |
43 | 3.42 (0.82) 4 (3–4) |
0.29 0.12 |
| During the past year 6 mo | |||||
| Q4. How often not able to stop once started? | 87 | 3.23 (1.19) 4 (3–4) |
43 | 3.14 (1.19) 3 (3–4) |
0.68 0.56 |
| Q5. How often failed to do what was normally expected? | 87 | 2.03 (1.31) 2 (1–3) |
43 | 1.95 (1.27) 2 (1–3) |
0.74 0.76 |
| Q6. How often needed a drink in the morning? | 87 | 2.41 (1.56) 3 (1–4) |
43 | 2.56 (1.39) 3 (1–4) |
0.61 0.76 |
| Q7. How often had feelings of guilt or remorse? | 87 | 2.51 (1.35) 3 (1–4) |
43 | 2.54 (1.45) 3 (1–4) |
0.91 0.78 |
| Q8. How often unable to remember what night before? | 87 | 1.79 (1.30) 2 (1–3) |
43 | 1.77 (1.17) 2 (1–3) |
0.91 0.87 |
| Q9. Have you/someone else been injured result drinking | 87 | 1.20 (1.68) 0 (0–2) |
43 | 1.12 (1.59) 0 (0–2) |
0.80 0.89 |
| Q10. How often other concerned or suggested cut down? | 87 | 3.59 (1.11) 4 (4–4) |
43 | 3.58 (1.12) 4 (4–4) |
0.98 0.98 |
| AUDIT-C | 87 | 10.8 (1.9) 12 (10–12) |
43 | 10.2 (2.3) 11 (9–12) |
0.10 |
| AUDIT-D | 87 | 7.7 (3.0) 8 (6–10) |
43 | 7.7 (3.1) 8 (5–10) |
0.96 |
| AUDIT-H | 87 | 9.1 (3.5) 9 (6–10) |
43 | 9.0 (3.8) 9 (7–12) |
0.91 |
| AUDIT Total score | 87 | 27.5 (6.4) 28 (23–33) |
43 | 26.8 (7.5) 29 (24–32) |
0.57 |
| Other SUD current b | 87 | 29 (33) | 43 | 9 (21) | 0.41 |
| Other SUD lifetime b | 87 | 59 (68) | 44 | 29 (66) | 0.83 |
| Anxiety current b | 87 | 30 (34) | 44 | 10 (23) | 0.17 |
| Anxiety lifetime b | 87 | 45 (52) | 44 | 15 (34) | 0.056 |
| Anxiety, no PTSD or OCD current b | 87 | 16 (18) | 44 | 2 (5) | 0.030 |
| Anxiety, no PTSD or OCD lifetime b | 87 | 21 (24) | 44 | 4 (9) | 0.039 |
| Mood current b | 87 | 17 (20) | 44 | 13 (30) | 0.20 |
| Mood lifetime b | 87 | 32 (37) | 44 | 18 (41) | 0.65 |
| Depression current b | 87 | 16 (18) | 44 | 13 (30) | 0.15 |
| Depression lifetime b | 87 | 31 (36) | 44 | 17 (39) | 0.74 |
| PTSD current b | 87 | 17 (20) | 44 | 9 (20) | 0.90 |
| PTSD lifetime b | 87 | 30 (34) | 44 | 13 (30) | 0.57 |
| Pharmacotherapy for AUD | |||||
| Prescribed at discharge | 87 | 51 (59) | 44 | 21 (48) | 0.24 |
| LSM liver (kPA) | |||||
| LSM week 1 (kPa) | 75 | 8.0 (10.9) 5.5 (3.9–7.7) |
0 | — | — |
| LSM week 2 (kPa) | 81 | 7.3 (8.8) 4.9 (3.8–6.7) |
0 | — | — |
| LSM week 4 (kPa) | 76 | 7.5 (9.4) 4.9 (4.0–6.1) |
0 | — | — |
a
p value is from a t test.
b
p value is from a chi-square test.
c
p values are from a t test and a Wilcoxon rank sum test.
p values are from a t test and ordinal logistic regression.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AUD, alcohol use disorder; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption; AUDIT-D, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Dependence; AUDIT-H, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Harm; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SUD, Substance Use Disorder.