Table 4.
Predictive factors of failure in attaining aggressive beta-lactam PK/PD targets in critically ill patients
| Risk factor | Studies | No. of patients (aggressive vs. conservative PK/PD targets) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity (I2; p value) | Publication bias (p value Egger’s test) | Log estimate | Point score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 4 | 598 vs. 1001 |
1.00 (0.98–1.02) p = 0.95 |
49.8% p = 0.11 |
0.63 | NA | 0 |
| Male gender | 3 | 582 vs. 965 |
0.34 (0.25–0.48) p < 0.001 |
0.0% p = 0.38 |
0.06 | -1.08 | 1 |
| BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 3 | 582 vs. 965 |
0.92 (0.85–0.99) p = 0.032 |
0.0% p = 0.76 |
0.18 | -0.08 | 1 |
| eGFR | 4 | 224 vs. 298 |
0.98 (0.95–1.00) p = 0.07 |
79.8% p = 0.002 |
0.05 | NA | 0 |
| Prolonged infusion | 2 | 331 vs. 220 |
7.54 (4.49–12.68) p < 0.001 |
0.0% p = 0.56 |
NA | 2.02 | − 2 |
| Daily dose | 3 | 590 vs. 880 |
1.09 (0.92–1.30) p = 0.32 |
54.6% p = 0.11 |
0.50 | NA | 0 |
| Augmented renal clearance | 2 | 151 vs. 28 |
9.02 (2.97–27.39) p < 0.001 |
0.0% p = 0.81 |
NA | 2.20 | 2 |
| SOFA | 2 | 193 vs. 205 |
0.82 (0.43–1.59) p = 0.56 |
34.7% p = 0.22 |
NA | NA | 0 |
| MIC value above the clinical breakpoint | 2 | 151 vs. 28 |
18.47 (1.22–278.86) p = 0.035 |
71.5% p = 0.06 |
NA | 2.92 | 2 |
BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MIC minimum inhibitory concentration, NA not applicable, PK/PD pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment