Table 2.
Effects of SGLT-2i on modifiable risk factors before and after one year of treatment
| Parametersa | Before | After | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effects on glycemic balance | |||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg%) | 180.00 (154.50–207.00) | 130.00 (117.50–150.00) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.40 (7.98–9.15) | 7.30 (6.90–7.95) | < 0.001 |
| Effects on body weight | |||
| Weight (kg) | 90.50 (82.00-106.50) | 89.00 (77.50–100.00) | 0.018 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.87 (29.24–36.45) | 31.00 (27.74–34.71) | < 0.001 |
| AC (cm) | 107.05 ± 16.39 | 102.50 ± 15.11 | 0.042 |
| WSR | 1.67 (1.60–1.74) | 2.79 (2.56–3.01) | 0.057 |
| Effects on the cardiovascular system (blood pressure and cardiac failure) | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 140.00 (130.00-160.00) | 120.00 (115.50–130.00) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.00 (72.00–90.00) | 72.00 (70.00–78.00) | < 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 146.00 (122.50-170.50) | 136.00 (112.50-160.50) | 0.005 |
| Effects on renal function | |||
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 75.00 (60.00-88.50) | 89.00 (70.00–92.00) | < 0.001 |
| Albuminuria (mg/day) | 179.00 (163.00-251.25) | 169.00 (12.00-184.00) | 0.002 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 23.98 (19.76–36.85) | 19.39 (1.30-24.29) | < 0.001 |
| Effects on lipid metabolism | |||
| HDLc (mg%) | 45.00 (37.00–52.00) | 50.00 (43.00-56.50) | 0.039 |
| LDLc (mg%) | 88.50 (69.50-103.50) | 91.50 (70.00-114.85) | 0.640 |
| Effects on inflammation | |||
| CRP (mg/dL) | 68.00 (56.25–80.25) | 34.00 (28.12–40.12) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; BMI: body mass index; AC: abdominal circumference; WSR: waist-stature ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; UACR: urine albumin-to‐creatinine ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein.aContinuous variables with Gaussian distribution are indicated as mean (± st.dev.), continuous variables with non-Gaussian distribution are indicated as median (interquartile range) and categorical variables, as percentage (absolute frequency) in the sample.bp-value was computed by Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables (with non-Gaussian distribution) and Pearson’s chi-squared (or Fisher’s exact) test for nominal variables