Table 1. Characteristics of non-U.S.–born Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium participants by interview language during initial interview to determine eligibility for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.
| Characteristic | Non-U.S.–born persons | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N = 8,761 (100%) |
Interview in English N = 2,489 (28.4%) |
Interview in language other than English N = 6,272 (71.6%) |
||||
| Age in years Mean age: 35.68 Range: [1, 97] |
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 0–14 | 1,015 | 11.6% | 209 | 8.4% | 806 | 12.9 |
| 15–24 | 1,420 | 16.2% | 454 | 18.2% | 966 | 15.4% |
| 25–44 | 3,990 | 45.5% | 1,067 | 42.9% | 2,923 | 46.6% |
| 45–64 | 1,953 | 22.3% | 664 | 26.7% | 1,289 | 20.6% |
| ≥65 | 383 | 4.4% | 95 | 3.8% | 288 | 4.6% |
| Gender | ||||||
| Women | 4,122 | 47.1% | 1,188 | 47.7% | 2,934 | 46.8% |
| Men | 4,636 | 52.9% | 1,300 | 52.2% | 3,336 | 53.2% |
| Transgender1 | 3 | 0.0% | 1 | 0.0% | 2 | 0.0% |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Asian | 3,311 | 37.8% | 982 | 39.5% | 2,329 | 37.1% |
| Black/African American | 1,333 | 15.2% | 433 | 17.4% | 900 | 14.4% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1,053 | 12.0% | 202 | 8.1% | 851 | 13.6% |
| White | 318 | 3.6% | 104 | 4.2% | 214 | 3.4% |
| Pacific Islander | 174 | 2.0% | 143 | 5.8% | 31 | 0.5% |
| Native American2 | 4 | 0.1% | 2 | 0.1% | 2 | 0.0% |
| Other | 2,047 | 23.4% | 482 | 19.4% | 1,565 | 25.0% |
| Unknown | 521 | 6.0% | 141 | 5.7% | 380 | 6.1% |
| Enrollment Reason | ||||||
| Close contact | 708 | 8.1% | 365 | 14.7% | 343 | 5.5% |
| Non-U.S.–born | 7,632 | 87.1% | 2,012 | 80.8% | 5,620 | 89.6% |
| Member of a group with local LTBI prevalence ≥25%3 | 358 | 4.1% | 69 | 2.8% | 289 | 4.6% |
| Spent at least 30 days in a high-risk country in the last 5 years4 | 27 | 0.3% | 22 | 0.9% | 5 | 0.1% |
| HIV positive | 36 | 0.4% | 21 | 0.8% | 15 | 0.2% |
| Time since arrival to the US | ||||||
| Years (med, IQR) | 8,719 | 0.2 (0.1–1.5) | 2,473 | 0.62 (0.1–8.4) | 6,246 | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) |
| <5 years | 7,120 | 81.3% | 1,667 | 67.0% | 5,453 | 81.3% |
| ≥5 years | 1,641 | 18.7% | 822 | 33.0% | 819 | 13.1% |
| HIV infection | ||||||
| Yes | 92 | 1.1% | 43 | 1.7% | 54 | 0.9% |
| No | 8,601 | 98.2% | 2,432 | 97.7% | 6,169 | 98.4% |
| Don’t know/refused | 68 | 0.8% | 27 | 0.9% | 54 | 0.9% |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| Yes | 424 | 4.8% | 161 | 6.5% | 263 | 4.2% |
| No | 8,270 | 94.4% | 2,308 | 92.7% | 5,962 | 95.1% |
| Don’t Know/refused | 67 | 0.8% | 20 | 0.8% | 47 | 0.8% |
| Experiencing homelessness | ||||||
| Yes | 142 | 1.6% | 66 | 2.7% | 76 | 1.2% |
| No | 8598 | 98.1% | 2415 | 97.0% | 6183 | 98.6% |
| Don’t know/refused | 21 | 0.2% | 8 | 0.3% | 13 | 0.2% |
| Injection drug use (n = 217) | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | 0.1% | 4 | 0.2% | 2 | 0.0% |
| No | 210 | 2.4% | 101 | 4.1% | 109 | 1.7% |
| Don’t know/refused | 1 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 0.0% |
| Consumption of 4 or more drinks containing alcohol (n = 2655) | ||||||
| Never | 1,546 | 17.6% | 625 | 25.1% | 921 | 14.7% |
| Once a month or less | 733 | 8.4% | 268 | 10.8% | 465 | 7.4% |
| 2–3 times a month | 146 | 1.7% | 57 | 2.3% | 89 | 1.4% |
| Once per week | 102 | 1.2% | 28 | 1.1% | 74 | 1.2% |
| 2–3 times a week | 57 | 0.7% | 15 | 0.6% | 42 | 0.7% |
| 4 or more times a week | 26 | 0.3% | 6 | 0.2% | 20 | 0.3% |
| Don’t Know/refused | 45 | 0.5% | 15 | 0.6% | 30 | 0.5% |
| Correctional facility5 | ||||||
| Yes | 312 | 3.6% | 64 | 2.6% | 248 | 4.0% |
| No | 7738 | 88.3% | 2283 | 91.7% | 5455 | 87.0% |
| Don’t know/refused | 9 | 0.1% | 4 | 0.2% | 5 | 0.1% |
| Missing | 702 | 8.0% | 138 | 5.5% | 546 | 9.0% |
| Holding Center6 | ||||||
| Yes | 2,381 | 27.2% | 141 | 5.7% | 2,240 | 35.7% |
| No | 6335 | 72.3% | 2321 | 93.3% | 4014 | 64.0% |
| Don’t know/refused | 45 | 0.5% | 27 | 1.1% | 18 | 0.3% |
| Long-term care facility | ||||||
| Yes | 307 | 3.5% | 190 | 7.6% | 117 | 1.9% |
| No | 8440 | 96.3% | 2288 | 91.9% | 6152 | 98.1% |
| Don’t know/refused | 14 | 0.2% | 11 | 0.4% | 3 | 0.1% |
| Country of birth (5 most common) | ||||||
| Myanmar | 1,492 | 17.0% | 23 | 0.9% | 1,469 | 23.4% |
| Philippines | 1,206 | 13.8% | 967 | 38.9% | 239 | 3.8% |
| Bhutan | 806 | 9.2% | 12 | 0.5% | 794 | 12.7% |
| Mexico | 522 | 6.0% | 100 | 4.0% | 422 | 6.7% |
| Somalia | 388 | 4.4% | 46 | 1.9% | 342 | 5.5% |
| Region of birth country | ||||||
| Africa | 906 | 10.3% | 259 | 10.4% | 647 | 10.3% |
| America | 1,730 | 19.8% | 442 | 17.8% | 1,288 | 20.5% |
| Europe | 98 | 1.1% | 46 | 1.9% | 52 | 0.8% |
| Mediterranean | 1,049 | 12.0% | 192 | 7.7% | 857 | 13.7% |
| Pacific | 2,154 | 24.6% | 1,357 | 54.5% | 797 | 12.7% |
| Southeast Asia | 2,824 | 32.3% | 193 | 7.8% | 2,631 | 42.0% |
| Education | ||||||
| No schooling | 1,046 | 11.9% | 25 | 1.0% | 1,021 | 16.3% |
| Eighth grade or less | 2,642 | 30.2% | 151 | 6.1% | 2,491 | 39.7% |
| Some high school | 1,270 | 14.5% | 242 | 9.7% | 1,028 | 16.4% |
| High school graduate or GED | 1,604 | 18.3% | 567 | 22.8% | 1,037 | 16.5% |
| Trade school or associates degree | 186 | 2.1% | 126 | 5.1% | 60 | 1.0% |
| Some university/college | 730 | 8.3% | 508 | 20.4% | 222 | 3.5% |
| University/college graduate | 1,005 | 11.5% | 659 | 26.5% | 346 | 5.5% |
| Postgraduate schooling | 239 | 2.7% | 202 | 8.1% | 37 | 0.6% |
| Other | 7 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 7 | 0.1% |
| Don’t know/refused | 32 | 0.4% | 9 | 0.4% | 23 | 0.4% |
| LTBI Treatment regimen offered | ||||||
| 6- or 9- months isoniazid | 700 | 8.0% | 232 | 9.3% | 468 | 7.5% |
| 4 months rifampin | 1,697 | 19.4% | 382 | 15.3% | 1,315 | 21.0% |
| 12 weeks- weekly doses isoniazid/rifapentine | 885 | 10.1% | 166 | 6.7% | 719 | 11.5% |
| Other7 | 875 | 10.0% | 108 | 4.3% | 767 | 12.2% |
| LTBI Treatment regimen received | ||||||
| 6- or 9-months isoniazid | 1,152 | 13.1% | 249 | 10.0% | 903 | 14.4% |
| 4 months rifampin | 1,943 | 22.2% | 319 | 12.8% | 1,624 | 25.9% |
| 12 weeks- weekly doses isoniazid/rifapentine | 484 | 5.5% | 115 | 4.6% | 369 | 5.9% |
| Other | 210 | 2.4% | 71 | 2.9% | 139 | 2.2% |
| Offered LTBI treatment | ||||||
| Yes | 4,158 | 47.5% | 889 | 35.7% | 3,269 | 52.1% |
| No | 4,525 | 51.6% | 1,571 | 63.1% | 2,954 | 47.1% |
| Missing | 78 | 0.9% | 29 | 1.2% | 49 | 0.8% |
| Accepted LTBI treatment | ||||||
| Yes | 3,789 | 91.1% | 754 | 30.3% | 3,035 | 48.4% |
| No | 369 | 8.9% | 135 | 5.4% | 234 | 3.7% |
| Missing | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Completed LTBI treatment | ||||||
| Yes | 2,990 | 78.9% | 575 | 23.1% | 2,415 | 38.5% |
| No | 793 | 20.9% | 177 | 7.1% | 616 | 9.8% |
| Missing | 6 | 0.2% | 2 | 0.1% | 4 | 0.1% |
| Tuberculin Skin Test8 | ||||||
| Positive | 7,822 | 89.3% | 2,179 | 87.5% | 5,643 | 90.0% |
| Negative | 864 | 9.9% | 284 | 11.4% | 580 | 9.2% |
| QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube | ||||||
| Positive | 4,634 | 52.9% | 1,297 | 52.1% | 3,337 | 53.2% |
| Negative | 4,052 | 46.3% | 1,169 | 47.0% | 2,883 | 46.0% |
| T-SPOT.TB Test | ||||||
| Positive | 3,610 | 41.5% | 932 | 37.9% | 2,678 | 43.0% |
| Negative | 4,128 | 46.8% | 1,177 | 46.9% | 2,951 | 46.8% |
| Borderline | 547 | 6.2% | 152 | 6.1% | 395 | 6.3% |
1Transgender participants were dropped from models due to other missing values
2Native American participants were dropped from models due to missing values
3Populations with a prevalence of LTBI ≥ 25% varied by site (e.g., individuals experiencing homelessness or have a specific medical condition)
4Refer to supplemental S1 Table for a list of high-risk countries
5Correctional facility such as prison or jail
6Holding center such as refugee camp or refugee detention
7Other regimens included: Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Isoniazid/Rifampin
8Tuberculin skin test measured in millimeters of induration with positivity determined by LTBI risk (see Methods)