Table 1. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes.
| n | Dengue shock (N = 135)1 | n | Septic shock (N = 37)1 | p-value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 135 | 26 (20; 33) | 37 | 55 (47; 63) | <0.001 |
| Sex male | 135 | 66 (49) | 37 | 23 (62) | 0.194 |
| Smoker | 135 | 0 (0) | 37 | 8 (22) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 135 | 22.9 (20.3; 26.3) | 37 | 23.2 (20.8; 25.8) | 0.788 |
| BMI category (Asian cut-offs) | 135 | 37 | 0.747 | ||
| Acceptable | 68 (50) | 18 (49) | |||
| Overweight | 43 (32) | 14 (38) | |||
| Obese | 24 (18) | 5 (14) | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 135 | 37 | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 122 (90) | 10 (27) | |||
| 1 | 10 (7) | 7 (19) | |||
| 2 | 0 (0) | 5 (14) | |||
| 3 | 3 (2) | 4 (11) | |||
| 4 | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | |||
| 5 | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | |||
| 6 | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | |||
| 7 | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |||
| Taking regular medication | 135 | 2 (1) | 37 | 14 (38) | |
| Baseline clinical characteristics | |||||
| Day of illness at enrolment* | 135 | 5 (4; 6) | 37 | 3 (2; 5) | <0.001 |
| Transferred from another hospital | 135 | 80 (59) | 37 | 13 (35) | 0.015 |
| Received antibiotics prior to enrolment | 132 | 2 (2) | 37 | 10 (27) | <0.001 |
| Received IV fluid prior to enrolment | 134 | 64 (48) | 37 | 12 (32) | 0.134 |
| Volume of pre-enrolment IV fluid (ml) | 59 | 2000 (1500; 3000) | 12 | 1500 (564; 2151) | 0.122 |
| Lowest mean arterial pressure in first 24 hours | 134 | 80 (73; 86) | 37 | 52 (50; 60) | <0.001 |
| Maximum heart rate in first 24 hours | 135 | 102 (90; 115) | 37 | 120 (112; 140) | <0.001 |
| SOFA score at enrolment | 135 | 7 (6; 7) | 37 | 10 (9; 13) | <0.001 |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||
| In-hospital death | 135 | 5 (4) | 37 | 11 (30) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 135 | 34 (25) | 37 | 30 (81) | <0.001 |
| Days in ICU (if admitted) | 34 | 4 (2; 5) | 30 | 7 (4; 10) | 0.010 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 135 | 5 (4; 7) | 37 | 11 (7; 15) | <0.001 |
| Required invasive/non-invasive ventilation | 135 | 13 (10) | 37 | 19 (51) | <0.001 |
| Required invasive ventilation | 135 | 9 (7) | 37 | 16 (43) | <0.001 |
| Duration of invasive ventilation (days) | 9 | 7 (4; 8) | 16 | 5 (3; 7) | 0.332 |
| Duration of non-invasive ventilation (days) | 7 | 1 (1; 5) | 8 | 6 (4; 6) | 0.206 |
| Required vasopressors | 135 | 8 (6) | 37 | 35 (95) | <0.001 |
| Duration of vasopressors (days) | 8 | 3 (2; 5) | 35 | 3 (2; 4) | 0.750 |
| Duration of IV fluid requirement | 135 | 2 (2; 2) | 37 | 4 (2; 7) | <0.001 |
| Total volume of IV fluid received (ml) | 135 | 4830 (3589; 6455) | 37 | 5165 (3500; 8505) | 0.344 |
| Required haemofiltration | 135 | 7 (5) | 37 | 10 (27) | <0.001 |
| Duration of haemofiltration (days) | 7 | 4 (4; 7) | 10 | 4 (2; 5) | 0.485 |
| Required transfusion of platelets^ | 135 | 20 (15) | 37 | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Required transfusion of fresh frozen plasma^ | 135 | 12 (9) | 37 | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Required transfusion of packed red cells^ | 135 | 17 (13) | 37 | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Maximum haematocrit (%) | 135 | 53 (48; 56) | 37 | 38 (35; 43) | <0.001 |
| Day of max HCT (day of illness) | 135 | 5 (4; 6) | 36 | 5 (3; 6) | 0.130 |
| Developed dengue re-shock | 135 | 28 (21) | 10 | 0 (0) | NA |
1 Median (25%; 75%); n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fishers exact test
*illness day 1 is defined as the first day of fever
^4 patients each received 1 pool of platelets and 1 patient received fresh frozen plasma within the first 48 hours of hospital admission. All remaining blood products were transfused after the 48hour plasma sample was collected.