Table 2.
PAF of cancer according to topography and potentially modifiable risk factors
| TOPOGRAPHY | PAF (%) | C.I. 95% | % TOTAL PAF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mouth, pharynx (C00-C14) | |||
| HPV Infection | 8.1 | 6.5–9.8 | |
| Current tobacco use | 20.5 | 11.8–30.8 | 65.7 |
| Alcohol use | 36.1 | 23.2–48.2 | |
| Low fruit and vegetable consumption | 1.1 | 0.1–2.2 | |
| Esophagus (C15) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 11 | 6.9–15.9 | |
| Obesity | 12.3 | 3.9–36.3 | 60.8 |
| Sedentary behavior | 21.9 | 2.2–37.5 | |
| Alcohol use | 15.6 | 13.8–17.6 | |
| Stomach (C16) | |||
| Helicobacter pylori infection | 46.4 | 18.6–65.9 | |
| Current tobacco use | 8.3 | 3.8–14.4 | |
| Obesity | 2.8 | 0.7–5.1 | 82.6 |
| Red meat consumption | 18.9 | 10.2–18.2 | |
| Processed meat consumption | 6.2 | 1.0–11.5 | |
| Colorectal (C18-C21) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 2.1 | 1.1–3.1 | |
| Sedentary behavior | 18.5 | 8.3–27.1 | |
| Alcohol use | 4.1 | 2.1–6.3 | |
| Obesity | 4.1 | 2.4–6.1 | 53.6 |
| Overweight | 7.4 | 0.1–15.1 | |
| Red meat consumption | 5.9 | 1.5–9.8 | |
| Processed meat consumption as | 5 | 2.4–7.8 | |
| Low fruit and vegetable consumption | 6.6 | 0.9–12.4 | |
| Liver (C22) | |||
| Hepatitis B virus | 32.4 | 30.2–34.6 | |
| Hepatitis C virus | 21.5 | 20.1–23.1 | 82.3 |
| Current tobacco use | 5.7 | 3.8–6.6 | |
| Obesity | 16.6 | 10.2–23.3 | |
| Overweight | 6 | 0.8–11.4 | |
| Gallbladder (C23) | |||
| Obesity | 12.6 | 5.3–20.8 | 18.6 |
| Overweight | 6 | 2.6–9.6 | |
| Pancreas (C25) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 7.3 | 6.1–8.4 | |
| Alcohol use | 7.2 | 4.7–9.6 | 21.8 |
| Obesity | 7.2 | 3.1–11.7 | |
| Larynx (C32) | |||
| HPV infection | 22.1 | 10.9–37.0 | 85.6 |
| Current tobacco use | 38.8 | 18.5–60.6 | |
| Low fruit and vegetable consumption | 24.7 | 14.4–33.2 | |
| Lung (C34) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 44.3 | 17.5–70.0 | |
| Secondhand smoke | 7.7 | 5.0–10.2 | 80.7 |
| Sedentary behavior | 17 | 4.4–28.3 | |
| Low fruit and vegetable consumption | 11.7 | 4.3–19.3 | |
| Skin melanoma (C43) | |||
| Ultraviolet radiation | 25 | 20.7–29.4 | 25 |
| Kaposi sarcoma (C46) | |||
| HHV-8 infection | 100 | 96.4–100.0 | 100 |
| Breast (C50) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 9.2 | 1.2–25.8 | |
| Secondhand smoke | 5.6 | 2.1–9.0 | |
| Obesity | 8.5 | 6.3–10.8 | 41.8 |
| Overweight | 6 | 3.6–8.5 | |
| Sedentary behavior | 12.5 | 2.5–21.7 | |
| Cervix (C53) | |||
| HPV infection | 100 | 96.4–100.0 | 100 |
| Endometrium (C54.1) | |||
| Obesity | 28.4 | 22.3–34.7 | 58 |
| Overweight | 10.6 | 5.6–15.6 | |
| Sedentary behavior | 19 | 6.3–30 − 8 | |
| Ovary (C56) | |||
| Obesity | 5.9 | 3.5–8.4 | 8.4 |
| Overweight | 2.5 | 5.6–13.2 | |
| Penis (C60) | |||
| HPV infection | 75,0 | 45,6–88,5 | 75,0 |
| Kidney (C64) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 4.6 | 2.7–6.5 | 36.2 |
| Obesity | 16.9 | 13.3–20.4 | |
| Overweight | 14.8 | 11.4–18.0 | |
| Bladder (C67) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 20.8 | 18.0–23.6 | 27.9 |
| Obesity | 16.9 | 13.3–20.4 | |
| Overweight | 14.8 | 11.4–18.0 | |
| Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (C81) | |||
| Epstein Barr virus | 59.7 | 34.1–79.1 | 63.8 |
| HIV | 0.7 | 0.2–1.9 | |
| Current tobacco use | 3.4 | 1.3–5.7 | |
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (C82-C85, C96.3) | |||
| Epstein Barr virus | 68 | 39.1–84.5 | 69.6 |
| HIV | 1 | 0.7–1.39 | |
| hepatitis C virus | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 | |
| Leukemias (C91-C95) | |||
| Current tobacco use | 4.1 | 2.3–6.0 | 12.8 |
| Obesity | 5.5 | 3.7–7.6 | |
| Overweight | 3.3 | 1.5–5.0 |