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. 2024 Apr 16;24:170. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03449-y

Table 1.

Conditions in the objective and subjective refraction tests

Objective testing Subjective testing
Test unit (Chronos binocular/monocular refraction system) Binocular conditions

• Binocular conditions

• Monocular conditions

Controls

(monocular conditions)

Conventional

autorefractometer (KR-800)

Trial-frame refraction

(“real space”)