Table 5.
Annotated fibrillin genes in representative non-Mammalian eukaryotes.
| Type | Species | Gene symbol | Ensembl ID | Position | Syntenic human genea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bird | Gallus gallus (Chicken reference) | FBN1 | ENSGALG00010018446 | 10: 10,196,204–10,347,306 | FBN1 |
| FBN2 | ENSGALG00010012940 | Z: 57,572,115–57,735,283 | FBN2 | ||
| Novel gene | ENSGALG00010028301 | 28: 748,104–807,082 | FBN3 | ||
|
Taeniopygia guttata
(Zebra finch) |
FBN1 | ENSTGUG00000019967 | 10: 10,687,753–10,833,054 | FBN1 | |
| FBN2 | ENSTGUG00000006641 | Z: 19,412,687–19,528,936 | FBN2 | ||
| Novel gene fragmentsb | ENSTGUG00000000946 ENSTGUG00000022997 ENSTGUG00000023585 ENSTGUG00000025566 |
28:1,198,218–1,257,990 | FBN3 | ||
| Reptile | Pelodiscus sinensis (Chinese soft shell turtle) | FBN1 | ENSPSIG00000013146 | Scaffold JH212494.1: 1,344,550–1,567,396 | FBN1 |
| FBN2 | ENSPSIG00000014580 | Scaffold JH211314.1: 448,230–733,300 | FBN2 | ||
| Novel genec | ENSPSIG00000014464 | Scaffold JH209348.1: 425,806–425,933 | FBN3 | ||
|
Crocodylus porosus
(Australian salt water crocodile) |
FBN1 | ENSCPRG00005014181 | MDVP01000032.1: 22,496,653–22,704,014 | FBN1 | |
| FBN2 | ENSCPRG00005010570 | MDVP01000068.1: 10,977,784–11,261,323 | FBN2 | ||
| FBN3 | ENSCPRG00005013427 | MDVP01000063.1: 4,384,393–4,473,954 | FBN3 | ||
| Amphibian | Xenopus tropicalis (Clawed toad) | fbn1 | ENSXETG00000008779 | 3: 103,789,676–103,911,959 | FBN1 |
| fbn2 | ENSXETG00000032535 | 1: 167,581,240–167,726,912 | FBN2 | ||
| fbn3 | ENSXETG00000001781 | 1: 92,395,786–92,500,369 | FBN3 | ||
| Fishd | Takifugu rubripes (Fugu) | fbn2b | ENSTRUG00000012996 | 20: 9,649,309–9,687,408 | FBN3 |
| Danio rerio (Zebrafish) | fbn1 | ZDB-GENE-091204–466e | 18:5,316,207–5,345,282 | FBN1 | |
| fbn2a | ENSDARG00000051896 | 10:16,313,851–16,474,216 | FBN2 | ||
| fbn2b | ENSDARG00000098237 | 22:4,524,367–4,649,238 | FBN3 | ||
| Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod) | FBN1 | ENSGMOG00000008510 | 14: 13,478,893–13,542,240 | FBN1 | |
| fbn2b | ENSGMOG00000009755 | 12: 26,359,137–26,397,080 | [FBN3]f | ||
| Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) | FBN1 | ENSSSAG00000097601 | 11: 32,338,996–32,703,955 | FBN1 | |
| FBN1 | ENSSSAG00000095019 | 26:32,713,409–32,886,730 | FBN1 | ||
| fbn2a | NSSSAG00000077250 | 1:166,160,786–166,373,162 | FBN2 | ||
| fbn2b | ENSSSAG00000007909 | 10:19,346,980–19,436,215 | FBN3 | ||
| fbn2b | ENSSSAG00000057875 | 16:39,779,019–39,904,486 | |||
| Scleropages formosus (Asian bonytongue) | FBN1 | ENSSFOG00015017770 | 7: 31,324,447–31,376,124 | FBN1 | |
| FBN1 | ENSSFOG00015013164 | 11: 11,118,508–11,169,624 | FBN1 | ||
| fbn2a | ENSSFOG00015007953 | 6: 13,440,703–13,514,547 | FBN2 | ||
| fbn2b | ENSSFOG00015006450 | 9: 832,842–881,796 | FBN3 | ||
| Insect | Apis mellifera (Honey bee) | LOC409950 | CM009932.2:639479–663432 | FBN1 | |
| LOC100577456 | CM009941.2:11397504–11424515 | FBN2 | |||
| LOC724421 | CM009945.2:5255226–5265494 | FBN2 | |||
| LOC725800 | CM009936.2:4978223–5138349 | FBN2 | |||
| Nematode | Caenorhabditis elegans | fbn-1 | WBGene00022816 | Chromosome III: 7,625,386–7,641,078 | fibrillins |
| mua-3 | WBGene00003482 | Chromosome III: 10,160,697–10,183,529 | fibrillins |
Gene annotations and positions taken from Ensembl (Release 110, July 2023; http://www.ensembl.org).
a Synteny based on presence of at least 2 of the same annotated flanking genes in both species.
b Detected by performing TBLASTN search in Ensembl using the protein sequence derived from ENSGALG00010028301.
c Detected by performing TBLASTN search in Ensembl using the protein sequence derived from ENSCPRG00005013427.
d Whole genome duplication occurred in the ancestor of teleost fishes. Some lineages including the salmonids have undergone subsequent additional whole genome duplication. There has also been extensive genome rearrangement during evolution of the fish lineages, which means that the synteny with the human genome often breaks down. There may eventually have been loss of 1 member of the duplicated gene pair, both pairs may have retained the same function, the function may have been divided between the 2 pairs or 1 pair may have acquired a new function. It is likely that the ancestral teleost had 3 distinct fibrillin genes, corresponding to human FBN1, FBN2, and FBN3. In most species at least 80% of the duplicated genes have subsequently been lost; for the salmonids up to 50% have been retained. This is consistent with the different numbers of fibrillin genes found in fugu and zebrafish when compared with Atlantic salmon. See Glasauer and Neuhauss (2014) for a review. It is also likely that annotation of the homologs and paralogues has been difficult in the fish sequences because of the multiple copies present.
e fbn1 is not annotated in the Ensembl and University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) browsers but has been annotated in the NCBI Gene database in a position syntenic with human FBN1. The ID given here is the Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN) accession.
f Only 1 matching flanking gene; many unannotated genes in region.