Table 2.
Descriptive analysis of the variables considered in the 6241 patients before matching
| NBP | oA | MBP | MoABP | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. = 3742 | No. = 406 | No. = 1486 | No. = 607 | |||||||
| Variable | Pattern | No | % | No | % | No | % | No | % | p |
| Age (years) | ≤ 70 | 1863 | 49.8 | 203 | 50.0 | 882 | 59.4 | 342 | 56.3 | < .001 |
| > 70 | 1879 | 50.2 | 203 | 50.0 | 604 | 40.6 | 265 | 43.7 | ||
| Sex | Male | 1949 | 52.1 | 209 | 51.5 | 682 | 45.9 | 323 | 53.2 | < .001 |
| Female | 1793 | 47.9 | 197 | 48.5 | 804 | 54.1 | 284 | 46.8 | ||
| ASA class | I–II | 2402 | 64.2 | 255 | 62.8 | 1.028 | 69.2 | 407 | 67.1 | .003 |
| III | 1340 | 35.8 | 151 | 37.2 | 458 | 30.8 | 200 | 32.9 | ||
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | ≤ 25.15 | 1803 | 48.2 | 234 | 57.6 | 765 | 51.5 | 323 | 53.2 | < .001 |
| > 25.15 | 1939 | 51.8 | 172 | 42.4 | 721 | 48.5 | 284 | 46.8 | ||
| Diabetes | Yes | 565 | 15.1 | 42 | 10.3 | 192 | 12.9 | 81 | 13.3 | .020 |
| No | 3177 | 84.9 | 364 | 89.7 | 1.294 | 87.1 | 526 | 86.7 | ||
| Chronic renal failure | Yes | 154 | 4.1 | 18 | 4.4 | 65 | 4.4 | 27 | 4.4 | .958 |
| No | 3588 | 95.9 | 388 | 95.6 | 1.421 | 95.6 | 580 | 95.6 | ||
| MNA-SF | ≤ 12 | 1971 | 52.7 | 166 | 40.9 | 883 | 59.4 | 309 | 50.9 | < .001 |
| > 12 | 1771 | 47.3 | 240 | 59.1 | 603 | 40.1 | 298 | 49.1 | ||
| Surgery for malignancy | Yes | 2713 | 72.5 | 312 | 76.8 | 992 | 66.8 | 427 | 70.3 | < .001 |
| No | 1029 | 27.5 | 94 | 23.2 | 494 | 33.2 | 180 | 29.7 | ||
| Diverticular disease | 535 | 52.0 | 60 | 63.8 | 142 | 28.7 | 107 | 59.4 | ||
| Endometriosis | 17 | 1.6 | 2 | 2.1 | 225 | 45.5 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Polyps | 214 | 20.8 | 18 | 19.1 | 47 | 9.5 | 17 | 9.5 | ||
| IBD | 142 | 13.8 | 6 | 6.4 | 16 | 3.3 | 22 | 12.2 | ||
| Other | 121 | 11.8 | 8 | 8.6 | 64 | 13.0 | 34 | 18.9 | ||
| Mini-invasive surgery | No | 431 | 11.5 | 51 | 12.6 | 281 | 18.9 | 62 | 10.2 | < .001 |
| Yes | 3311 | 88.5 | 355 | 87.4 | 1.205 | 81.9 | 545 | 89.8 | ||
| Laparoscopic | 2790 | 84.2 | 317 | 89.3 | 1.006 | 83.5 | 509 | 93.4 | ||
| Robotic | 344 | 10.4 | 15 | 4.2 | 129 | 10.7 | 17 | 3.1 | ||
| Converted | 177 | 5.4 | 23 | 6.5 | 70 | 5.8 | 19 | 3.5 | ||
| Standard procedure | Yes | 3225 | 86.2 | 371 | 91.4 | 1.251 | 84.2 | 488 | 80.4 | < .001 |
| Right colectomy | 1850 | 57.3 | 208 | 56.1 | 360 | 28.8 | 199 | 40.8 | ||
| Left colectomy | 1080 | 33.5 | 133 | 35.8 | 435 | 34.8 | 223 | 45.7 | ||
| Anterior resection | 295 | 9.2 | 30 | 8.1 | 456 | 36.4 | 66 | 13.5 | ||
| No | 517 | 13.8 | 35 | 8.6 | 235 | 15.8 | 119 | 19.6 | ||
| Transverse colectomy | 78 | 15.1 | 10 | 28.3 | 37 | 15.7 | 18 | 15.1 | ||
| Splenic flexure colectomy | 125 | 24.2 | 12 | 34.3 | 50 | 21.3 | 14 | 11.8 | ||
| Hartmann reversal | 84 | 16.3 | 4 | 11.5 | 63 | 26.8 | 12 | 10.1 | ||
| (Sub) total colectomy | 52 | 10.1 | 4 | 11.5 | 26 | 11.1 | 19 | 16.0 | ||
| Other | 178 | 34.3 | 5 | 14.4 | 59 | 25.1 | 56 | 47.0 | ||
| Anastomosis 1 | Intracorporeal | 2581 | 69.0 | 300 | 73.9 | 895 | 60.2 | 432 | 71.2 | < .001 |
| Extracorporeal | 1161 | 31.0 | 106 | 26.1 | 591 | 39.8 | 175 | 28.8 | ||
| Anastomosis 2 | Stapled | 3400 | 90.9 | 354 | 87.2 | 1.317 | 88.6 | 514 | 84.7 | < .001 |
| Handsewn | 342 | 9.1 | 52 | 12.8 | 169 | 11.4 | 93 | 15.3 | ||
| Anastomosis 3 | End-to-end | 1464 | 39.1 | 164 | 40.4 | 935 | 62.9 | 293 | 48.3 | < .001 |
| Other shape | 2278 | 60.9 | 242 | 59.6 | 551 | 37.1 | 314 | 51.7 | ||
| Operation length (minutes) | ≤ 175 | 1965 | 52.5 | 236 | 58.1 | 628 | 42.3 | 364 | 60.0 | < .001 |
| ˃ 175 | 1777 | 47.5 | 170 | 41.9 | 858 | 57.7 | 243 | 40.0 | ||
| Hospital type | Met./Ac | 2267 | 60.1 | 257 | 63.3 | 769 | 51.7 | 516 | 85.0 | < .001 |
| Local/Regional | 1475 | 39.4 | 149 | 36.7 | 717 | 48.3 | 91 | 15.0 | ||
| Unit type | Colorectal/oncologic | 470 | 12.6 | 22 | 5.4 | 490 | 33.0 | 144 | 23.7 | < .001 |
| General | 3272 | 87.4 | 384 | 94.6 | 996 | 67.0 | 463 | 76.3 | ||
| Center volume | < 4 cases/month | 887 | 23.7 | 136 | 33.5 | 449 | 30.2 | 221 | 36.4 | < .001 |
| ≥ 4 cases/month | 2855 | 76.3 | 270 | 66.5 | 1.037 | 69.8 | 386 | 63.6 | ||
| Preoperative BT(s) | Yes | 234 | 6.2 | 17 | 4.2 | 68 | 4.6 | 26 | 4.3 | .023 |
| No | 3508 | 93.8 | 389 | 95.8 | 1.418 | 95.4 | 581 | 95.7 | ||
| Intra/postoperative BT(s) | Yes | 242 | 6.5 | 15 | 3.7 | 95 | 6.4 | 43 | 7.1 | .141 |
| No | 3500 | 93.5 | 391 | 96.3 | 1.391 | 93.6 | 564 | 92.9 | ||
| Overall ERAS adherence (%) | ≤ 73.68 | 1271 | 34.0 | 88 | 21.7 | 1.108 | 74.6 | 209 | 34.4 | < .001 |
| ˃ 73.68 | 2471 | 66.0 | 318 | 78.3 | 378 | 25.4 | 398 | 65.6 | ||
| Nutritional screening | 2780 | 74.3 | 301 | 74.1 | 914 | 61.5 | 410 | 67.6 | ||
| Prehabilitation | 1730 | 46.2 | 228 | 56.2 | 276 | 18.6 | 183 | 30.2 | ||
| Counseling | 2751 | 73.5 | 276 | 68.0 | 733 | 49.3 | 471 | 77.6 | ||
| Immune enhancing nutrition | 1271 | 34.0 | 217 | 53.5 | 268 | 18.0 | 113 | 18.6 | ||
| Antithrombotic prophylaxis | 3585 | 95.8 | 388 | 95.6 | 1.385 | 93.2 | 550 | 90.6 | ||
| Preoperative carbohydrates load | 2505 | 66.9 | 256 | 63.1 | 517 | 34.8 | 326 | 53.7 | ||
| No preanesthesia | 3265 | 87.3 | 293 | 77.2 | 867 | 58.3 | 448 | 73.8 | ||
| Standard anesthesia protocol | 3188 | 85.2 | 396 | 97.5 | 934 | 62.9 | 584 | 96.2 | ||
| Normothermia | 3572 | 95.5 | 398 | 98.0 | 1.211 | 81.5 | 576 | 94.9 | ||
| Goal-directed fluid therapy | 3084 | 82.4 | 359 | 88.4 | 900 | 60.6 | 539 | 88.8 | ||
| PONV prophylaxis | 3370 | 90.1 | 392 | 96.6 | 1.143 | 76.9 | 543 | 89.5 | ||
| Multimodal analgesia | 3448 | 92.1 | 402 | 99.0 | 1.142 | 76.9 | 573 | 94.4 | ||
| No nasogastric tube | 3376 | 90.2 | 391 | 96.3 | 1.127 | 75.8 | 491 | 80.9 | ||
| Minimally invasive surgery | 3311 | 88.5 | 355 | 87.4 | 1.205 | 81.1 | 545 | 89.8 | ||
| No drains | 1525 | 40.7 | 242 | 59.6 | 171 | 11.5 | 178 | 29.3 | ||
| Urinary catheter < 24–48 h | 3096 | 82.7 | 380 | 93.6 | 832 | 56.0 | 484 | 79.7 | ||
| Early mobilization | 2391 | 63.9 | 373 | 91.9 | 391 | 26.3 | 469 | 77.3 | ||
| Early oral feeding | 2286 | 61.1 | 352 | 86.7 | 431 | 29.0 | 374 | 61.6 | ||
| Pre-discharge check | 3275 | 87.5 | 345 | 85.0 | 848 | 57.1 | 503 | 82.9 | ||
NBP no bowel preparation, oA oral antibiotics alone, MBP mechanical bowel preparation alone, MoABP mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, MNA-SF mini nutritional assessment–short form, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, Intracorporeal, anastomosis performed under visual control through the scope, Extracorporeal, anastomosis performed under direct visual control through an open access, Met./Ac., Metropolitan/Academic, BT blood transfusion, ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery, PONV postoperative nausea/vomiting, p chi square independence test with three degrees of freedom