Table 1.
Constructs and measures in the All of Us SDOH survey.
| Construct | Measure | Referencesa |
|---|---|---|
| Social and community context | ||
| Social cohesion among neighbors | Social cohesion neighborhood scale (4-item) | 16 |
| Social support | RAND MOS social support survey (8-item) | 17 |
| Loneliness | UCLA loneliness scale (8-item) | 18 |
| Perceived discrimination | Everyday discrimination scale (9-item), plus attribution (1-item) | 19,20 |
| Perceived stress | Cohen’s perceived stress scale (10-item) | 21,22 |
| Daily spiritual experiences | Fetzer multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality (6-item) | 23 |
| Religious service attendance | Religious service attendance nurses’ health study (1-item) | 24 |
| English proficiency | California health interview survey language spoken at home (1-item) | 25 |
| Economic stability | ||
| Food insecurity | Children’s HealthWatch Hunger vital sign (2-item) | 26 |
| Housing instability indicator | Health begins upstream risk screening (1-item) | 27 |
| Housing quality | Accountable health communities (1-item) | 28 |
| Neighborhood and built environment | ||
| Neighborhood physical disorder | Ross–Mirowsky perceived neighborhood disorder scale (6-item physical disorder subscale) | 29 |
| Neighborhood social disorder | Ross–Mirowsky perceived neighborhood disorder scale (7-item social disorder subscale) | 29 |
| Neighborhood walkability | Physical activity neighborhood environment scale (PANES) (5 core items) | 30,31 |
| Neighborhood crime | Physical activity neighborhood environment scale (PANES) crime (2-item subscale) | 30,31 |
| Neighborhood residential density | Physical activity neighborhood environment scale (PANES) neighborhood housing type (1-item indicator) | 30,31 |
| Health and healthcare | ||
| Perceived discrimination in medical care settings | Everyday discrimination scale in medical settings (7-item) | 32 |
aReferences provide original measure description and validation information or scoring recommendations.