Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of eligible All of Us Research Program participants.
| SDOH survey respondentsa (n = 117,783) | SDOH survey non-respondentsa (n = 279,949) | Difference between respondents and non-respondents (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, Mean (Standard deviation) | 59.3 (16.5) | 53.1 (17.0) | 6.2 (6.1, 6.3) |
| Characteristic | N (%) | N (%) | |
| RBR Overall | 25,483 (21.6%) | 39,263 (14.0%) | 7.6% (7.3%, 7.9%) |
| UBR Overall | 92,300 (78.4%) | 240,686 (86.0%) | − 7.6% (− 7.9%, − 7.3%) |
| Racial Identityb | |||
| White | 87,886 (74.6%) | 125,452 (44.8%) | 26.6% (26.3%, 26.9%) |
| Black, African or African American | 8984 (7.6%) | 65,958 (23.6%) | − 16.0% (− 16.2%, − 15.8%) |
| Hispanic/Latino/Spanish | 7980 (6.8%) | 54,776 (19.6%) | − 12.8% (− 13.0%, − 12.6%) |
| Asian | 3117 (2.6%) | 9,982 (3.6%) | − 1.0% (− 1.1%, − 0.9%) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 57 (0%) | 346 (0.1%) | − 0.1% (− 0.1%, − 0.1%) |
| Middle Eastern or North African | 467 (0.4%) | 1760 (0.6%) | − 0.2% (− 0.3%, − 0.2%) |
| Multi-Racial | 4221 (3.6%) | 11,332 (4.0%) | − 0.4% (− 0.5%, − 0.3%) |
| None of these describe me | 1039 (0.9%) | 3148 (1.15%) | − 0.3% (− 0.3%, − 0.2%) |
| Prefer not to answer or skip | 4032 (3.4%) | 7195 (2.6%) | 0.8% (0.7%, 0.9%) |
| Sex assigned at birth | |||
| Female | 74,451 (63.2%) | 165,071 (59.0%) | 4.2% (3.9%, 4.5%) |
| Male | 40,354 (34.3%) | 109,494 (39.1%) | − 4.8% (− 5.1%, − 4.5%) |
| Intersex, none of these describe me, prefer not to answer, or skip | 2978 (2.5%) | 5384 (1.9%) | 0.6% (0.5%, 0.7%) |
| Gender identity | |||
| Woman | 73,499 (62.4%) | 164,032 (58.6%) | 3.8% (3.5%, 4.1%) |
| Man | 40,013 (34%) | 108,950 (38.9%) | − 4.9% (− 5.2%, − 4.6%) |
| Non-Binary | 522 (0.4%) | 613 (0.2%) | 0.2% (0.2%, 0.2%) |
| Transgender | 171 (0.1%) | 365 (0.1%) | 0.0% (0.0%, 0.0%) |
| None of these describe me, prefer not to answer, or skip | 3578 (3%) | 5989 (2.1%) | 0.9% (0.8%, 1.0%) |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Straight | 101,913 (86.5%) | 244,515 (87.3%) | − 0.8% (− 1.0%, − 0.6%) |
| Lesbian | 1699 (1.4%) | 3213 (1.1%) | 0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%) |
| Gay | 3061 (2.6%) | 5990 (2.1%) | 0.5% (0.4%, 0.6%) |
| Bisexual | 4650 (3.9%) | 9771 (3.5%) | 0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%) |
| None of these describe me | 2343 (2%) | 5948 (2.1%) | − 0.1% (− 0.2%, 0.0%) |
| Multiple | 364 (0.3%) | 338 (0.1%) | 0.2% (0.2%, 0.2%) |
| Prefer not to answer or skip | 3753 (3.2%) | 10,174 (3.6%) | − 0.4% (− 0.5%, − 0.3%) |
| Educational attainment | |||
| College graduate or advanced degree | 73,606 (62.5%) | 100,892 (36.0%) | 26.5% (26.2%, 26.8%) |
| College (Years One to Three) | 27,446 (23.3%) | 72,400 (25.9%) | − 2.6% (− 2.9%, − 2.3%) |
| Grade Twelve or GED | 10,694 (9.1%) | 63,959 (22.8%) | − 13.7% (− 13.9%, − 13.5%) |
| Less than high school degree or equivalent | 2585 (2.2%) | 33,136 (11.8%) | − 9.6% (− 9.7%, − 9.5%) |
| Prefer not to answer or skip | 3452 (2.9%) | 9562 (3.4%) | − 0.5% (− 0.6%, − 0.4%) |
| Annual household income | |||
| > 150 k | 21,212 (18%) | 23,240 (8.3%) | 9.7% (9.5%, 9.9%) |
| 100–150 k | 18,655 (15.8%) | 21,248 (7.6%) | 8.2% (8.0%, 8.4%) |
| 50–100 k | 30,963 (26.3%) | 43,118 (15.4%) | 10.9% (10.6%, 11.2%) |
| < 50 k | 32,700 (27.8%) | 125,917 (45.0%) | − 17.2% (− 17.5%, − 16.9%) |
| Prefer not to answer or skip | 14,253 (12.1%) | 66,426 (23.7%) | − 11.6% (− 11.8%, − 11.4%) |
| Disability | |||
| No disabilities identified | 51,964 (44.1%) | 59,275 (21.2%) | 20.9% (20.6%, 21.2%) |
| Living with disabilities | 15,659 (13.3%) | 25,598 (9.1%) | 4.2% (4.0%, 4.4%) |
| Not assessedc | 50,160 (42.6%) | 195,076 (69.7%) | − 27.1% (− 27.4%, − 26.8%) |
| Survey language | |||
| English | 115,196 (97.8%) | 258,827 (92.5%) | 5.3% (5.2%, 5.4%) |
| Spanish | 2587 (2.2%) | 21,122 (7.5%) | − 5.3% (− 5.4%, − 5.2%) |
RBR represented in biomedical research; UBR underrepresented in biomedical research.
aRespondents or non-respondents, respectively, are defined as those with or without any responses to the SDOH survey as of June 30, 2022 in the All of Us Research Program Version 7 data release. All of Us participants who completed core baseline surveys were eligible to take the SDOH survey.
bFull racial and ethnic identity data (e.g., Japanese, Cuban) not provided due to space limitation.
cParticipants who responded to the core Basics survey before October 22, 2019 were not surveyed for demographic information on disability.