Table 5.
Demographic, clinical, cognitive, and affective comparison among the participants at follow‐up.
| Values | PitNET (n = 40) | Glioma (n = 35) | HCs (n = 25) | F score | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) | 20:20 (50.00%:50.00%) | 16:19 (45.71%:54.29%) | 9:16 (36.00%:64.00%) | – | 0.541 |
| Age (y) | 38.25 ± 8.70 | 39.31 ± 11.07 | 35.36 ± 10.16 | – | 0.504 |
| Education (y) | 12.88 ± 3.30 | 13.37 ± 2.81 | 12.76 ± 3.55 | 0.700 | |
| Dominant hand (R/L) | 39:1 (97.50%:2.50%) | 30:5 (85.71%:14.29%) | 24:1 (96.00%:4.00%) | 0.140 | |
| Time interval (mos) | 3.48 ± 1.74 | 4.94 ± 3.93 | 3.36 ± 0.64 | – | 0.333 |
| General cognitive function | |||||
| MMSE | 0.33 ± 0.60 | −0.30 ± 1.90 | 0.24 ± 0.93 | – | 0.060 |
| MoCA | 0.05 ± 0.98 | −0.35 ± 1.53 | 0.55 ± 0.96 | – | 0.014 b |
| Executive function | |||||
| TMT‐B | −0.18 ± 1.08 | 0.67 ± 1.54 | −0.61 ± 0.71 | – | 0.003 b |
| FAB | 0.14 ± 0.76 | −1.75 ± 3.91 | 0.24 ± 0.63 | – | <0.001 b c |
| Memory | |||||
| DST | −0.28 ± 0.98 | −0.22 ± 1.40 | 0.61 ± 1.01 | 5.182 | 0.007 a b |
| DST‐f | −0.34 ± 0.92 | −0.26 ± 1.24 | 0.17 ± 0.95 | – | 0.149 |
| DST‐b | −0.08 ± 1.02 | −0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.54 ± 1.09 | – | 0.065 |
| DST‐s | −0.26 ± 0.90 | −0.23 ± 1.06 | 0.74 ± 1.05 | 9.154 | <0.001 a b |
| Attention | |||||
| TMT‐A | −0.27 ± 0.85 | 0.46 ± 1.47 | −0.33 ± 0.95 | – | 0.022 b |
| ACS | −0.00 ± 1.39 | −1.48 ± 0.95 | 0.19 ± 1.18 | 20.826 | <0.001 b c |
| Attention focusing | −0.11 ± 1.07 | −1.24 ± 1.10 | 0.04 ± 0.92 | – | <0.001 b c |
| Attention diversion | 0.10 ± 1.41 | −1.21 ± 0.77 | 0.26 ± 1.44 | – | <0.001 b c |
| Anxiety | |||||
| HAMA | 0.19 ± 1.51 | 0.67 ± 2.05 | −0.54 ± 0.68 | – | 0.033 b |
| Mental | −0.15 ± 1.27 | 0.38 ± 1.66 | −0.71 ± 0.52 | – | 0.008 b |
| Physical | 0.76 ± 1.72 | 0.94 ± 2.28 | 0.03 ± 1.05 | – | 0.133 |
| Depression | |||||
| BDI | −0.08 ± 0.89 | 0.16 ± 1.03 | −0.35 ± 0.51 | – | 0.197 |
| Affection | |||||
| PANAS | −0.08 ± 1.03 | −0.28 ± 1.05 | −0.64 ± 1.00 | 1.925 | 0.151 |
| PANASp | −0.13 ± 1.07 | −0.65 ± 1.14 | −0.53 ± 0.87 | 3.027 | 0.053 |
| PANASn | 0.05 ± 1.11 | 0.45 ± 1.31 | −0.30 ± 0.72 | – | 0.248 |
| Empathy | |||||
| IRI | 0.13 ± 1.04 | −0.69 ± 1.00 | −0.30 ± 1.08 | 6.545 | 0.002 c |
| Perspective taking | −0.03 ± 1.10 | −0.22 ± 0.96 | −0.14 ± 0.83 | – | 0.793 |
| Fantasy | 0.42 ± 1.00 | −0.37 ± 1.25 | 0.08 ± 1.23 | 4.127 | 0.019 c |
| Empathy concern | 0.23 ± 0.75 | −1.19 ± 0.75 | 1.19 ± 2.50 | – | <0.001 b c |
| Personal distress | −0.40 ± 1.45 | 0.03 ± 1.13 | 0.04 ± 1.04 | – | 0.530 |
Boldface type indicates statistically significant differences.
“–”, not applicable; ACS, Attentional Control Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; DST: Digit Span Test; DST‐b, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition Digit Span‐Backward; DST‐f, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition Digit Span‐Forward; DST‐s, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition Digit Span‐Sort; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HCs, healthy controls; IRI, Interpersonal Reactivity Index; MMSE, mini‐mental state examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Scale; PANASn, Positive and Negative Affect Scale‐negative affect; PANASp, Positive and Negative Affect Scale‐positive affect; PitNET, pituitary neuroendocrine tumor; TMT‐A, Trail‐Making Test‐part A; TMT‐B, Trial‐Making Test‐part B.
Significant differences between PitNET patients and HCs (p < 0.05).
Significant differences between glioma patients and HCs (p < 0.05).
Significant differences between PitNET and glioma patients (p < 0.05).