. 2024 Apr 17;24:244. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03060-9

Table 1.

Age-adjusted characteristics of the study sample (N = 73,433) by years of educational

Characteristics	All (N = 74,157) n (%)	Years of Education
Age at enrolment (years) 30–39 40–49 50–59 ≥ 60	18,358 (24.8) 32,537 (43.9) 17,878 (24.1) 5,384 (7.3)	2,498 (16.0) 6,650 (42.6) 3,985 (25.6) 2,466 (15.8)	6,463 (25.3) 11,576 (45.3) 5,951 (23.3) 1,585 (6.2)	9,397 (28.5) 14,311 (43.4) 7,942 (24.1) 1,333 (4.0)
Mean age (± SD) in years at enrolment	46.4 (8.2)	49.1 (± 9.1)	46.0 (± 8.0)	45.3 (± 7.7)
Body mass index (kg/m ² ) Underweight (< 18.5) Normal weight (20.0-24.9) Overweight (25.0-29.9) Obese (≥ 30.0)	1,111 (1.5) 44,261 (60.0) 22,037 (29.7) 6,748 (9.1)	2,31 (1.6) 8,189 (53.7) 5,326 (32.9) 1,853 (11.6)	369 (1.4) 14,841 (57.9) 7,896 (30.9) 2,469 (9.7)	511 (1.5) 21,231 (64.0) 8,815 (27.0) 2,426 (7.4)
Body mass index (kg/m²), mean (± SD)	24.7 (± 3.9)	25.2 (± 3.2)	24.8 (± 4.1)	24.3 (± 4.6)
Physical activity level Very low (1–2) Low (3–4) Moderate (5–6) High (7–8) Very high (9–10)	2,830 (3.8) 14,833 (20.0) 31,160 (42.0) 20,996 (28.3) 4,338 (5.9)	901 (5.4) 3,252 (20.3) 6,289 (40.3) 3,959 (25.9) 1,198 (7.8)	963 (3.8) 5,095 (20.0) 11,060 (43.2) 6,989 (27.2) 1,468 (5.7)	966 (3.0) 6,486 (19.8) 13,811 (41.9) 10,048 (30.2) 1,672 (5.0)
Smoking status Never Former Current	26,782 (36.1) 27,608 (37.2) 19,767 (26.7)	4,660 (28.2) 5,354 (34.3) 5,585 (37.6)	8,090 (31.7) 9,516 (37.2) 7,969 (30.6)	14,032 (43.1) 12,738 (38.6) 6,213 (18.0)
Alcohol consumption (g/day) Teetotaler Low (0.1–3.9) Moderate (4.0–10) High (> 10)	5,878 (7.9) 42,249 (57.0) 18,342 (24.7) 7,688 (10.4)	1,897 (10.6) 10,350 (66.5) 2,530 (16.5) 822 (5.4)	1,793 (6.8) 15,291 (60.0) 6,182 (24.1) 2,309 (8.9)	2,188 (6.6) 16,608 (50.3) 9,630 (29.0) 4,557(13.6)
Marital status Married/cohabiting Others	62,618 (84.4) 11,539 (15.6)	13,252 (86.3) 2,347 (13.7)	21,993 (86.1) 3,582 (13.9)	27,373 (82.8) 5,610 (17.2)
Depression No Yes	62,442 (84.2) 11,715 (15.8)	13,045 (83.2) 2,554 (16.8)	21,609 (84.6) 3,966 (15.4)	27,788 (84.5) 5,195 (15.5)
History of musculoskeletal pain No Yes	63,959 (86.3) 10,198 (13.8)	12,867 (83.1) 2,732 (16.9)	21,898 (85.6) 3,677 (14.4)	29,194 (88.4) 3,789 (11.6)
Any comorbidity No Yes	55,954 (75.5) 18,203 (25.5)	10,772 (70.7) 4,827 (29.3)	19,165 (75.0) 6,410 (25.0)	26,017 (78.6) 6,966 (21.4)
Menopausal status Premenopausal Postmenopausal	38,386 (51.8) 35,771 (48.2)	6,787 (49.6) 8,812 (50.4)	13,362 (50.9) 12,213 (49.1)	18,237 (52.7) 14,746 (47.3)
Self-reported Fibromyalgia ¹ No Yes	71,794 (96.8) 2,363 (3.2)	14,912 (95.5) 687 (4.5)	24,606 (96.8) 969 (3.2)	32,276 (98.3) 707(1.7)
Event rate of self-reported FM (per 100,000 PY)	235.1 (225.8–244.8)	370.4 (343.7–399.1)	278.2 (261.2–296.2)	150.0 (139.4–161.5)

Characteristics

All
(N = 74,157)
n (%)

Years of Education

≤ 9
(n = 15,599)
n (%)

10–12
(n = 25,575)
n (%)

≥ 13
(n = 32,983)
n (%)

Age at enrolment (years)

30–39

40–49

50–59

≥ 60

18,358 (24.8)

32,537 (43.9)

17,878 (24.1)

5,384 (7.3)

2,498 (16.0)

6,650 (42.6)

3,985 (25.6)

2,466 (15.8)

6,463 (25.3)

11,576 (45.3)

5,951 (23.3)

1,585 (6.2)

9,397 (28.5)

14,311 (43.4)

7,942 (24.1)

1,333 (4.0)

Mean age (± SD) in years at enrolment

46.4 (8.2)

49.1 (± 9.1)

46.0 (± 8.0)

45.3 (± 7.7)

Body mass index (kg/m ² )

Underweight (< 18.5)

Normal weight (20.0-24.9)

Overweight (25.0-29.9)

Obese (≥ 30.0)

1,111 (1.5)

44,261 (60.0)

22,037 (29.7)

6,748 (9.1)

2,31 (1.6)

8,189 (53.7)

5,326 (32.9)

1,853 (11.6)

369 (1.4)

14,841 (57.9)

7,896 (30.9)

2,469 (9.7)

511 (1.5)

21,231 (64.0)

8,815 (27.0)

2,426 (7.4)

Body mass index (kg/m²), mean (± SD)

24.7 (± 3.9)

25.2 (± 3.2)

24.8 (± 4.1)

24.3 (± 4.6)

Physical activity level

Very low (1–2)

Low (3–4)

Moderate (5–6)

High (7–8)

Very high (9–10)

2,830 (3.8)

14,833 (20.0)

31,160 (42.0)

20,996 (28.3)

4,338 (5.9)

901 (5.4)

3,252 (20.3)

6,289 (40.3)

3,959 (25.9)

1,198 (7.8)

963 (3.8)

5,095 (20.0)

11,060 (43.2)

6,989 (27.2)

1,468 (5.7)

966 (3.0)

6,486 (19.8)

13,811 (41.9)

10,048 (30.2)

1,672 (5.0)

Smoking status

Never

Former

Current

26,782 (36.1)

27,608 (37.2)

19,767 (26.7)

4,660 (28.2)

5,354 (34.3)

5,585 (37.6)

8,090 (31.7)

9,516 (37.2)

7,969 (30.6)

14,032 (43.1)

12,738 (38.6)

6,213 (18.0)

Alcohol consumption (g/day)

Teetotaler

Low (0.1–3.9)

Moderate (4.0–10)

High (> 10)

5,878 (7.9)

42,249 (57.0)

18,342 (24.7)

7,688 (10.4)

1,897 (10.6)

10,350 (66.5)

2,530 (16.5)

822 (5.4)

1,793 (6.8)

15,291 (60.0)

6,182 (24.1)

2,309 (8.9)

2,188 (6.6)

16,608 (50.3)

9,630 (29.0)

4,557(13.6)

Marital status

Married/cohabiting

Others

62,618 (84.4)

11,539 (15.6)

13,252 (86.3)

2,347 (13.7)

21,993 (86.1)

3,582 (13.9)

27,373 (82.8)

5,610 (17.2)

Depression

Yes

62,442 (84.2)

11,715 (15.8)

13,045 (83.2)

2,554 (16.8)

21,609 (84.6)

3,966 (15.4)

27,788 (84.5)

5,195 (15.5)

History of musculoskeletal pain

Yes

63,959 (86.3)

10,198 (13.8)

12,867 (83.1)

2,732 (16.9)

21,898 (85.6)

3,677 (14.4)

29,194 (88.4)

3,789 (11.6)

Any comorbidity

Yes

55,954 (75.5)

18,203 (25.5)

10,772 (70.7)

4,827 (29.3)

19,165 (75.0)

6,410 (25.0)

26,017 (78.6)

6,966 (21.4)

Menopausal status

Premenopausal

Postmenopausal

38,386 (51.8)

35,771 (48.2)

6,787 (49.6)

8,812 (50.4)

13,362 (50.9)

12,213 (49.1)

18,237 (52.7)

14,746 (47.3)

Self-reported Fibromyalgia ¹

Yes

71,794 (96.8)

2,363 (3.2)

14,912 (95.5)

687 (4.5)

24,606 (96.8)

969 (3.2)

32,276 (98.3)

707(1.7)

Event rate of self-reported FM (per 100,000 PY)

235.1 (225.8–244.8)

370.4 (343.7–399.1)

278.2 (261.2–296.2)

150.0 (139.4–161.5)

¹Outcome variable. SD: standard deviation. PY: person years. Proportions are age adjusted