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Cumulative standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for malignant neoplasms by sex and birth cohort (1905–1984) in the perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated Red area. Panel (A), males; panel (B), females. The grey area indicates the 90% confidence band. The red line indicates the reference value. The Red area includes the 30 municipalities in the provinces of Vicenza, Padua and Verona (northern Italy) connected to the PFAS-contaminated aqueduct
