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. 2024 Apr 16;23:42. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01074-2

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for kidney cancer by sex and calendar period in the perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated Red area. Red, males; green, females. Panel (A), Red area; panel (B), Red area A. The Red area includes the 30 municipalities in the provinces of Vicenza, Padua and Verona (northern Italy) connected to the PFAS-contaminated aqueduct. The Red area A includes the subset of 13 municipalities with PFAS contamination of the groundwater too. 1980–2018