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Observed and expected deaths from kidney cancer by sex and calendar periods in the perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated Red area. 1980–2018
| Males | Females | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar period | Observed | Expected | Observed | Expected |
| 1980–1989 | 48 | 49 | 28 | 28 |
| 1990–2009 | 138 | 129 | 72 | 74 |
| 2010–2018 | 81 | 72 | 46 | 49 |
The Red area includes the 30 municipalities in the provinces of Vicenza, Padua and Verona (northern Italy) connected to the PFAS-contaminated aqueduct
