Table 2.

Dietary characteristics across self-declared sex, Brazilian individuals aging 10 years or older, Brazilian national dietary survey, 2017–2018

Diet characteristic	All Mean (SE)/% n = 44,744	Men Mean (SE)/% n = 21,460	Women Mean (SE)/% n = 23,284	p value
GDQS (score 0 – 49)	14.50 (0.04)	14.40 (0.04)	14.59 (0.04)	< 0.001
GDQS categories				< 0.001
GDQS – high risk (< 15)	52	53	50
GDQS – moderate risk (15–23)	47	46	48
GDQS – low risk (≥ 23)	1	1	2
MDD-W (score 0 – 10)	4.83 (0.02)	4.76 (0.02)	4.89 (0.02)	< 0.001
MDD-W ≥ 5	54	51	55	< 0.001
UP (% total energy intake)	20.9 (0.2)	20.4 (0.3)	21.5 (0.3)	< 0.001
Mean probability for overall Nutrient adequacy	58.6 (0.1)	55.9 (0.1)	61.1 (0.1)	< 0.001
Nutrient adequacy (≥ 50%)	81.5	77.8	85.2	< 0.001
Supplement use
Any supplement	19	16	22	< 0.001
Vitamins	11	10	12	< 0.001
Minerals	6	3	9	< 0.001
Omega-3	5	3	6	< 0.001
Protein	1.7	2.2	1.3	< 0.001
Diet modifications
Any diet modification	14	10	18	< 0.001
For weight control	5	3	8	< 0.001
For blood pressure control	5	3	6	< 0.001
For cholesterol control	3	2	4	< 0.001
For diabetes treatment	4	3	5	< 0.001
For CVD treatment	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.095

Values are presented as mean (standard error) for continuous variables and relative frequency (%) for categorical variables. Mean (SE) and n (%) estimated accounting for complex sample design. Comparisons of mean values between men and women means were conducted with Mann–Whitney test. Comparison of proportions between men and women were conducted with chi-squared test, in survey mode. P values < 0.05 are statistically significant

CVD Cardiovascular disease, GDQS Global diet quality score, MDD-W Minimum dietary diversity for women, UP Ultra-processed food