Table 1.
General description of the studies.
| Study | ADV investigated and duration and frequency of the program | Muscle hypertrophy assessment | Main results for TRAD | Main results for ADV | Differences between protocols |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amirthalingam 2017 | GVT. 6 weeks of training performed 3 days per week. | Lean mass through DEXA and MT through B-mode ultrasonography | ↑3.1, ↑4.2, and ↑7.8% in total, trunk, and arm lean mass, respectively. No significant changes in MT. | ↑1.9, ↑1.0, and ↑3.5% in total, trunk, and arm lean mass, respectively. No significant changes in MT. | No significant differences between GVT and TRAD |
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| Angleri 2017 | CP and DS. 10 weeks of training performed 2 days per week. | ACSA through B-mode ultrasonography | ↑7.6% in ACSA | ↑7.5% and ↑7.8% in ACSA induced by CP and DS, respectively | No significant differences between CP, DS, and TRAD |
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| Branderburg 2002 | EO. The training was performed 2 days per week for the first 2 weeks and then 3 days per week for the remainder of the 9-week training period. | ACSA through magnetic resonance imaging | No significant changes | No significant changes | No significant differences between EO and TRAD |
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| Enes 2021 | DS and RP. 8 weeks of training performed 2 days per week. | MT through B-mode ultrasonography | ↑14.2 and ↑6.5% in the proximal thigh and middle thigh MT, respectively. No significant changes in distal thigh MT. | ↑11.6 and ↑7.7% in the proximal thigh and middle thigh MT, respectively, for DS. ↑8.8 and ↑5.1% in the proximal thigh and middle thigh MT for RP. No significant changes in distal MT for both groups. | No significant differences between DS, RP, and TRAD |
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| Fisher 2014 | PE. 12 weeks of training performed 2 days per week. | Lean mass through air displacement plethysmography | No significant changes | No significant changes | No significant differences between PE and TRAD |
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| Fisher 2016 A | SS and EO. 10 weeks of training performed 2 days per week. | Lean mass through air displacement plethysmography | No significant changes | No significant changes | No significant differences between SS, EO, and TRAD |
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| Fisher 2016 B | DS and HDS. 12 weeks of training performed 2 days per week. | Lean mass through air displacement plethysmography | No significant changes | No significant changes | No significant differences between DS, HDS, and TRAD |
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| Hackett 2018 | GVT. 12 weeks of training performed 3 days per week. | Lean mass through DEXA | No significant changes | No significant changes | No significant differences between GVT and TRAD |
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| Prestes 2019 | RP. 6 weeks of training performed 4 days per week. | MT through B-mode ultrasonography | No significant changes | ↑11% in thigh MT | ↑ in thigh MT was greater for RP |
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| Walker 2016 | EO. 10 weeks of training performed 2 days per week. | MT through B-mode ultrasonography and lean mass through DEXA | ↑11 and ↑16% in vastus lateralis and medialis MT, respectively. No significant changes in lean mass∗. | ↑13 and ↑11% in vastus lateralis and medialis MT, respectively. No significant changes in lean mass∗. | No significant differences between EO and TRAD |
The table shows resistance training programs investigated, muscle hypertrophy assessments, and main results. GVT: German volume training; MT: muscle thickness; DEXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; CP: crescent pyramid; DS: drop-set; ACSA: anatomical cross-sectional area; EO: eccentric overload; RP: rest-pause; PE: pre-exhaustion; SS: super slow; HDS: heavy DS; ∗ = data not used in calculation of standardized mean difference due to incomplete report; ↑ = increase.