Table 4.

Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression quantifying the effects of the ASP on patient outcomes under different conditions (sensitivity analyses)

	ITT analysisa		Modified ITT analysisb		Per-protocol analysisc		Per-acceptance analysisd
Clinical outcomes and effect measure	ES (95% CI)	P value	ES (95% CI)	P value	ES (95% CI)	P value	ES (95% CI)	P value
In-hospital death, csHR	0.99 (0.79–1.24)	0.922	0.91 (0.71–1.16)	0.450	0.87 (0.69–1.11)	0.256	0.49 (0.30–0.80)	0.004
Discharge alive, csHR	0.80 (0.70–0.92)	0.002	0.83 (0.72–0.95)	0.009	0.85 (0.74–0.98)	0.022	1.32 (0.87–2.00)	0.187
30 day death, ORe	1.26 (0.95–1.67)	0.107	1.10 (0.82–1.49)	0.513	1.03 (0.77–1.38)	0.852	0.36 (0.18–0.70)	0.003
30 day infection-related readmission, ORf	0.60 (0.42–0.86)	0.006	0.57 (0.39–0.83)	0.003	0.57 (0.39–0.83)	0.003	0.57 (0.20–1.61)	0.290
Treatment outcomeg
ȃDeath, csHR							0.74 (0.40–1.37)	0.337
ȃRe-infection, csHR							0.26 (0.09–0.74)	0.011
ȃSuccess, csHR							2.45 (1.59–3.77)	<0.001

All effects are corrected for baseline differences in patient sex, age, ward of hospitalization, and history of previous hospitalization. ES, effect size attributed to the intervention.

Compares the pre-implementation cohort (n = 842) with the post-implementation cohort (n = 426).

Compares the pre-implementation cohort (n = 842) with the post-implementation cohort excluding patients for whom the intervention was not accepted (n = 380).

Compares patients who did not receive the intervention in either the pre- or the post-implementation period (n = 888) with those who received the intervention (n = 380).

Compares patients for whom the intervention was accepted (n = 380) with patients for whom the intervention was not accepted (n = 46) in the post-implementation period.

Includes death from any cause within 30 days of initiation of carbapenem therapy.

Assessed within 30 days of hospital discharge alive.

Assessed during or at the end of treatment with carbapenems.