Table 4b.
Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) for Tobacco Use by Product in the Active Duty U.S. Military, HRBS Versus PHA, 2018 (cont.)
| Pipe/Hookah | Chewing Tobacco | Any Tobacco Use | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRBS | PHA | HRBS | PHA | HRBS | PHA | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.19) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.09) | 0.58 (0.51, 0.66) | 0.47 (0.46, 0.48) |
| Age | ||||||
| 17-24 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25-34 | 0.62 (0.47, 0.83) | 0.59 (0.57, 0.62) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.09) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.94) | 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) | 0.85 (0.84, 0.86) |
| 35-44 | 0.33 (0.23, 0.46) | 0.30 (0.27, 0.32) | 0.65 (0.51, 0.83) | 0.75 (0.72, 0.77) | 0.62 (0.53, 0.74) | 0.84 (0.83, 0.86) |
| 45+ | 0.15 (0.08, 0.28) | 0.21 (0.18, 0.26) | 0.45 (0.32, 0.64) | 0.59 (0.55, 0.62) | 0.46 (0.37, 0.57) | 0.69 (0.67, 0.72) |
| Service | ||||||
| Army | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Navy | 1.60 (1.07, 2.40) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.94) | 0.54 (0.52, 0.55) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) | 0.73 (0.72, 0.74) |
| Marine Corps | 1.48 (0.96, 2.27) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) | 1.23 (1.20, 1.26) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.36) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
| Air Force | 1.79 (1.27, 2.54) | 1.25 (1.20, 1.31) | 0.56 (0.45, 0.69) | 0.46 (0.45, 0.47) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) | 0.63 (0.62, 0.64) |
| Coast Guard | 1.53 (0.91, 2.57) | 0.69 (0.58, 0.82) | 0.69 (0.52, 0.90) | 0.51 (0.48, 0.54) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.03) | 0.55 (0.53, 0.57) |
| Rank | ||||||
| Enlisted | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Officer | 0.88 (0.63, 1.22) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) | 0.81 (0.78, 0.84) | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) | 0.54 (0.52, 0.55) |
| STI risk | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.37 (0.75, 2.47) | 2.22 (2.10, 2.35) | 1.68 (1.05, 2.67) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 1.31 (0.95, 1.80) | 1.38 (1.35, 1.42) |
| Sleep | ||||||
| 5 hours or less | 1.03 (0.76, 1.40) | 1.41 (1.34, 1.49) | 1.49 (1.21, 1.85) | 1.17 (1.14, 1.20) | 1.44 (1.25, 1.67) | 1.32 (1.30, 1.34) |
| 5 to less than 7 hours | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 7-9 hours | 0.67 (0.49, 0.91) | 0.75 (0.72, 0.79) | 0.74 (0.59, 0.91) | 0.87 (0.85, 0.89) | 0.81 (0.71, 0.94) | 0.81 (0.80, 0.82) |
| 9 hours or more | 1.07 (0.48, 2.39) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 0.61 (0.31, 1.22) | 0.59 (0.52, 0.66) | 0.95 (0.64, 1.39) | 0.70 (0.65, 0.75) |
| Alcohol usea | ||||||
| No response / none | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1-2 | 2.31 (1.55, 3.44) | 1.90 (1.81, 2.00) | 1.44 (1.11, 1.87) | 1.55 (1.52, 1.58) | 1.76 (1.51, 2.06) | 1.83 (1.81, 1.86) |
| 3-4 | 3.58 (2.36, 5.42) | 3.25 (3.07, 3.44) | 2.08 (1.59, 2.73) | 2.16 (2.11, 2.22) | 3.48 (2.92, 4.15) | 3.13 (3.08, 3.19) |
| 5-6 | 4.08 (2.48, 6.70) | 3.49 (3.14, 3.88) | 2.89 (2.01, 4.16) | 2.71 (2.59, 2.84) | 4.32 (3.30, 5.65) | 4.08 (3.93, 4.24) |
| 7-9 | 4.89 (1.87, 12.79) | 4.27 (3.44, 5.31) | 1.79 (0.92, 3.50) | 3.05 (2.75, 3.39) | 4.34 (2.55, 7.38) | 4.28 (3.90, 4.70) |
| 10+ | 12.24 (6.31, 23.75) | 6.01 (4.57, 7.91) | 2.97 (1.73, 5.11) | 3.24 (2.79, 3.78) | 5.74 (3.47, 9.48) | 4.57 (3.97, 5.27) |
| BMI group | ||||||
| Under weight | 0.44 (0.11, 1.82) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.31) | 3.29 (1.19, 9.05) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.07) | 1.33 (0.62, 2.85) | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) |
| Normal weight | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Over weight | 0.92 (0.69, 1.22) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | 1.19 (1.16, 1.21) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) |
| Obese | 0.97 (0.66, 1.42) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.66) | 1.36 (1.33, 1.39) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 1.07 (1.05, 1.09) |
| Education | ||||||
| High school or less | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Some college | 0.83 (0.59, 1.17) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.93) | 0.79 (0.62, 1.00) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) | 0.67 (0.66, 0.69) |
| Bachelors degree or more | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.93) | 0.56 (0.43, 0.73) | 0.51 (0.49, 0.53) | 0.62 (0.53, 0.73) | 0.44 (0.43, 0.45) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2.34 (1.68, 3.25) | 2.69 (2.57, 2.82) | 0.19 (0.13, 0.28) | 0.18 (0.17, 0.18) | 0.56 (0.46, 0.67) | 0.55 (0.54, 0.56) |
| Hispanic | 1.25 (0.88, 1.78) | 1.32 (1.25, 1.39) | 0.37 (0.27, 0.49) | 0.32 (0.31, 0.33) | 0.60 (0.51, 0.71) | 0.52 (0.51, 0.52) |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) | 1.26 (1.17, 1.34) | 0.63 (0.47, 0.86) | 0.57 (0.55, 0.58) | 0.83 (0.69, 1.00) | 0.79 (0.78, 0.80) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HRBS, Health Risk Behavior Survey; PHA, Periodic Health Assessment; e-cigarette, electronic cigarette; STI, sexually-transmitted infection; BMI, body mass index.
aPHA MHA question 5b does not allow for assessment of missing data; thus, no response to this question is assumed as 0 drinks on a typical day when drinking.
Note: These analyses used weighted (HRBS) and unweighted (PHA) logistic regression.