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. 2024 Mar 20;31(3):2–12.

Table 4b.

Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) for Tobacco Use by Product in the Active Duty U.S. Military, HRBS Versus PHA, 2018 (cont.)

Pipe/Hookah Chewing Tobacco Any Tobacco Use
HRBS PHA HRBS PHA HRBS PHA
Sex
Male Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Female 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) 0.14 (0.10, 0.19) 0.09 (0.08, 0.09) 0.58 (0.51, 0.66) 0.47 (0.46, 0.48)
Age
17-24 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
25-34 0.62 (0.47, 0.83) 0.59 (0.57, 0.62) 0.87 (0.70, 1.09) 0.92 (0.90, 0.94) 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) 0.85 (0.84, 0.86)
35-44 0.33 (0.23, 0.46) 0.30 (0.27, 0.32) 0.65 (0.51, 0.83) 0.75 (0.72, 0.77) 0.62 (0.53, 0.74) 0.84 (0.83, 0.86)
45+ 0.15 (0.08, 0.28) 0.21 (0.18, 0.26) 0.45 (0.32, 0.64) 0.59 (0.55, 0.62) 0.46 (0.37, 0.57) 0.69 (0.67, 0.72)
Service
Army Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Navy 1.60 (1.07, 2.40) 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) 0.72 (0.55, 0.94) 0.54 (0.52, 0.55) 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) 0.73 (0.72, 0.74)
Marine Corps 1.48 (0.96, 2.27) 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) 1.23 (1.20, 1.26) 1.13 (0.93, 1.36) 1.01 (0.99, 1.02)
Air Force 1.79 (1.27, 2.54) 1.25 (1.20, 1.31) 0.56 (0.45, 0.69) 0.46 (0.45, 0.47) 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) 0.63 (0.62, 0.64)
Coast Guard 1.53 (0.91, 2.57) 0.69 (0.58, 0.82) 0.69 (0.52, 0.90) 0.51 (0.48, 0.54) 0.85 (0.71, 1.03) 0.55 (0.53, 0.57)
Rank
Enlisted Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Officer 0.88 (0.63, 1.22) 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) 0.81 (0.78, 0.84) 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) 0.54 (0.52, 0.55)
STI risk
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes 1.37 (0.75, 2.47) 2.22 (2.10, 2.35) 1.68 (1.05, 2.67) 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) 1.31 (0.95, 1.80) 1.38 (1.35, 1.42)
Sleep
5 hours or less 1.03 (0.76, 1.40) 1.41 (1.34, 1.49) 1.49 (1.21, 1.85) 1.17 (1.14, 1.20) 1.44 (1.25, 1.67) 1.32 (1.30, 1.34)
5 to less than 7 hours Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
7-9 hours 0.67 (0.49, 0.91) 0.75 (0.72, 0.79) 0.74 (0.59, 0.91) 0.87 (0.85, 0.89) 0.81 (0.71, 0.94) 0.81 (0.80, 0.82)
9 hours or more 1.07 (0.48, 2.39) 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) 0.61 (0.31, 1.22) 0.59 (0.52, 0.66) 0.95 (0.64, 1.39) 0.70 (0.65, 0.75)
Alcohol usea
No response / none Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
1-2 2.31 (1.55, 3.44) 1.90 (1.81, 2.00) 1.44 (1.11, 1.87) 1.55 (1.52, 1.58) 1.76 (1.51, 2.06) 1.83 (1.81, 1.86)
3-4 3.58 (2.36, 5.42) 3.25 (3.07, 3.44) 2.08 (1.59, 2.73) 2.16 (2.11, 2.22) 3.48 (2.92, 4.15) 3.13 (3.08, 3.19)
5-6 4.08 (2.48, 6.70) 3.49 (3.14, 3.88) 2.89 (2.01, 4.16) 2.71 (2.59, 2.84) 4.32 (3.30, 5.65) 4.08 (3.93, 4.24)
7-9 4.89 (1.87, 12.79) 4.27 (3.44, 5.31) 1.79 (0.92, 3.50) 3.05 (2.75, 3.39) 4.34 (2.55, 7.38) 4.28 (3.90, 4.70)
10+ 12.24 (6.31, 23.75) 6.01 (4.57, 7.91) 2.97 (1.73, 5.11) 3.24 (2.79, 3.78) 5.74 (3.47, 9.48) 4.57 (3.97, 5.27)
BMI group
Under weight 0.44 (0.11, 1.82) 1.06 (0.86, 1.31) 3.29 (1.19, 9.05) 0.96 (0.87, 1.07) 1.33 (0.62, 2.85) 1.09 (1.02, 1.16)
Normal weight Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Over weight 0.92 (0.69, 1.22) 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) 1.19 (1.16, 1.21) 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) 0.99 (0.97, 1.00)
Obese 0.97 (0.66, 1.42) 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) 1.22 (0.90, 1.66) 1.36 (1.33, 1.39) 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) 1.07 (1.05, 1.09)
Education
High school or less Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Some college 0.83 (0.59, 1.17) 0.88 (0.82, 0.93) 0.79 (0.62, 1.00) 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) 0.67 (0.66, 0.69)
Bachelors degree or more 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) 0.86 (0.78, 0.93) 0.56 (0.43, 0.73) 0.51 (0.49, 0.53) 0.62 (0.53, 0.73) 0.44 (0.43, 0.45)
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Non-Hispanic Black 2.34 (1.68, 3.25) 2.69 (2.57, 2.82) 0.19 (0.13, 0.28) 0.18 (0.17, 0.18) 0.56 (0.46, 0.67) 0.55 (0.54, 0.56)
Hispanic 1.25 (0.88, 1.78) 1.32 (1.25, 1.39) 0.37 (0.27, 0.49) 0.32 (0.31, 0.33) 0.60 (0.51, 0.71) 0.52 (0.51, 0.52)
Non-Hispanic Other 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) 1.26 (1.17, 1.34) 0.63 (0.47, 0.86) 0.57 (0.55, 0.58) 0.83 (0.69, 1.00) 0.79 (0.78, 0.80)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HRBS, Health Risk Behavior Survey; PHA, Periodic Health Assessment; e-cigarette, electronic cigarette; STI, sexually-transmitted infection; BMI, body mass index.

aPHA MHA question 5b does not allow for assessment of missing data; thus, no response to this question is assumed as 0 drinks on a typical day when drinking.

Note: These analyses used weighted (HRBS) and unweighted (PHA) logistic regression.