Table 1. The overview of the 33rd-35th Japanese Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Examination (JBOSE) and the performance of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4V.

JBOSE	33rd	34th	35th
Number of examinees (passers/total)	1021/1048	603/653	530/591
Passing rate among all examinees (%)	97	92	90
Number of questions (total/text-based/image-based)	98/77/21	99/73/26	97/64/33
Average score (%)	61	66	64
Standard deviation (%)	9	8.5	8.9
Estimated minimum scoring rate acquired to pass (%)	43.7	53.8	52.7