Table 4. The summary of existing studies compiling examinations that evaluate knowledge using ChatGPT.

	Author (year)	Exam	Language	Model	Result
General Medicine	Kung et al. (2023) [11]	United States Medical Licensing Examination	English	GPT-3.5	Pass
	Takagi et al. (2023) [16]	Japanese Medical Licensing Examination	Japanese	GPT-4	Pass
Orthopedics	Kung et al. (2023) [12]	Orthopaedic In-Training Examination	English	GPT-4	Pass
				GPT-3.5	Fail
	Saad et al. (2023) [17]	Orthopaedic Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons	English	GPT-4	Fail
	Massey et al. (2023) [18]	ResStudy Orthopaedic Examination Question Bank	English	GPT-4	Fail
Neurosurgery	Ali et al. (2023) [19]	Neurosurgery Written Board Examinations	English	GPT-4	Pass
				GPT-3.5	Pass
Gastroenterology	Suchman et al. (2023) [20]	American College of Gastroenterology Self-Assessment Test	English	GPT-4	Fail
Radiology	Bhayana et al. (2023) [21]	Canadian Royal College and American Board of Radiology examinations	English	GPT-3.5	Pass